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Deep Dive
What is hypospadias and how common is it?
Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in approximately 1 in 250 male births globally, making it relatively common. It is much rarer in females due to differences in urethral anatomy.
What are the potential causes of hypospadias?
The exact cause of hypospadias is often unknown, but theories suggest it may be linked to abnormal hormonal levels during fetal development, advanced maternal age, genetic factors, or exposure to pesticides and chemicals during pregnancy.
How is hypospadias diagnosed in infants?
Hypospadias is typically diagnosed at birth through a physical examination by a pediatrician. The condition is often visually apparent, especially in severe cases where the urethral opening is near the scrotum or between the penis and scrotum.
What are the surgical treatments for hypospadias?
Surgical treatment for hypospadias involves two main steps: straightening the penis if it is curved and relocating the urethral opening to the tip of the penis. Tissue from the patient’s body, such as foreskin, oral mucosa, or even ear cartilage, may be used to reconstruct the urethra.
What are the psychological impacts of hypospadias on children?
Children with hypospadias may experience psychological challenges, especially if the condition is noticeable during play or social interactions. Early surgery, ideally before the age of two, is recommended to minimize these impacts and ensure normal development.
What are the post-surgery care requirements for hypospadias patients?
Post-surgery care involves maintaining hygiene to prevent infections, as the surgical site is prone to bacterial contamination. A catheter is typically left in place for 5-7 days to allow the wound to heal, after which normal urination should resume.
What complications can arise from untreated hypospadias in adulthood?
Untreated hypospadias in adulthood can lead to complications such as difficulty urinating, urinary tract infections, and bladder enlargement due to urethral narrowing. Severe cases may require emergency procedures to drain the bladder and subsequent surgical correction.
- 尿道下裂是一种先天性疾病
- 主要发生在男性
- 尿道开口不在阴茎尖端
- 可能与荷尔蒙分泌异常、高龄产妇、家族基因或孕期接触化学物质有关
Shownotes Transcript