cover of episode Dr. Diego Bohórquez: The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis

Dr. Diego Bohórquez: The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis

2024/5/27
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A
Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
D
Diego Bohórquez
Topics
Andrew Huberman: 本期节目探讨肠道感知和肠脑轴,重点是肠道如何感知食物成分、温度、酸度等,并将信息传递给大脑,影响我们的思维、情绪和行为。 Diego Bohórquez: 肠道感知由多种细胞类型组成,包括肠内分泌细胞和神经上皮细胞。一部分肠内分泌细胞直接与神经系统连接,这为肠道与大脑的直接通讯提供了新的途径。绿色荧光蛋白技术革命性地促进了对肠道细胞的研究。 研究者发现肠道细胞具有独特的解剖结构,“神经足”结构,暗示其与神经系统的直接连接。研究者将这类肠道细胞命名为“神经足细胞”,因为它直接与神经系统传递信息。神经足细胞存在于全身所有上皮细胞层,能够感知温度、pH值和浓度变化,并将其转化为化学电信号传递给神经系统。 我们通常不会意识到肠道感知过程。研究者利用狂犬病毒追踪神经足细胞与大脑的连接,发现两者之间只有一站的距离。大脑如何处理来自肠道的信息?肠道细胞拥有多种营养物质受体,能够检测各种营养成分,并根据其位置表达不同的受体组合。神经足细胞能够检测我们摄入的几乎所有物质,包括化学物质和温度等物理特性。神经足细胞根据其在消化道中的位置表达不同的受体,感知不同的营养物质以及温度和pH值等特性。我们可能是以氨基酸为食的生物,神经足细胞评估各种营养物质的含量,并向身体其他部位发出信号。神经足细胞不仅感知分子的化学性质,还感知其吸收量和代谢产物,并快速向大脑传递信息。 胃旁路手术改变了患者对食物的感知和渴望。胃旁路手术改变了肠道的感知功能,导致食物偏好发生改变。胃旁路手术移除部分肠道组织,改变了神经足细胞的数量,从而改变了食物的渴望。胃旁路手术会改变患者的食物选择,这在动物实验中也得到了证实。光遗传学技术能够通过光照控制神经元的活动,从而研究其对行为的影响。关闭神经足细胞会使动物无法区分甜味剂和糖。即使在消除口腔甜味感受器后,动物仍然能够区分糖和水,这表明肠道也参与了糖的感知。神经足细胞可能参与了糖的感知和行为调控。激活神经足细胞会使动物将甜味剂当作糖来食用。肠道感知能够评估刺激的强度和愉悦程度。结肠中的某些细胞释放5-羟色胺,参与内脏痛觉过敏的发生,可能与肠易激综合征有关。 Diego Bohórquez: 从口腔到直肠的整个消化道中都存在感觉细胞,它们评估食物的化学成分,并向大脑发送信号,影响思维、情绪和行为。食物通过肠脑轴通路影响思维、情绪和行为。胃旁路手术后,肠道对刺激的敏感性发生改变,导致食物偏好发生改变。胃旁路手术患者更容易酗酒。 Andrew Huberman: 我们对肠道感知的了解还处于起步阶段,未来还有很多值得探索和研究的地方。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Dr. Diego Bohórquez, a leading researcher on the gut-brain axis, discusses how the gut communicates with the brain through hormones and neural connections, shaping thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. He explains how the gut senses various aspects of food, such as nutrients, temperature, and pH, and relays this information to the brain, influencing food preferences and overall well-being.
  • The gut has receptors that respond to nutrients, temperature, acidity, and other components of food.
  • This information is communicated to the brain below conscious detection.
  • This gut-brain communication influences thinking, emotions, and behavior.

Shownotes Transcript

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Diego Bohórquez, PhD), professor of medicine and neurobiology at Duke University and a pioneering researcher into how we use our ‘gut sense.’ He describes how your gut communicates to your brain and the rest of your body through hormones and neural connections to shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. He explains how your gut senses a range of features such as temperature, pH, the macro- and micronutrients in our foods, and much more and signals that information to the brain to affect our food preferences, aversions, and cravings.

Dr. Bohórquez describes his early life in the Amazon jungle and how exposure to traditional agriculture inspired his unique expertise combining nutrition, gastrointestinal physiology, and neuroscience. We discuss how the gut and brain integrate sensory cues, leading to our intuitive “gut sense” about food, people, and situations. This episode provides a scientific perspective into your gut sense to help you make better food choices and, indeed, to support better decision-making in all of life.

For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com).

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Timestamps

00:00:00 Dr. Diego Bohórquez

00:02:37 Sponsors: Joovv, LMNT & Helix Sleep; YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe

00:06:49 Gut-Brain Axis

00:11:35 Gut Sensing, Hormones

00:15:26 Green Fluorescent Protein; Neuropod Cells & Environment Sensing

00:26:57 Brain & Gut Connection, Experimental Tools & Rabies Virus

00:35:28 Sponsor: AG1

00:37:00 Neuropod Cells & Nutrient Sensing

00:43:55 Gastric Bypass Surgery, Cravings & Food Choice

00:51:14 Optogenetics; Sugar Preference & Neuropod Cells

01:00:29 Gut-Brain Disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome

01:03:03 Sponsor: InsideTracker

01:04:04 Gut & Behavior; Gastric Bypass, Cravings & Alcohol

01:07:38 GLP-1, Ozempic, Neuropod Cells

01:11:46 Food Preference & Gut-Brain Axis, Protein

01:21:35 Protein & Sugar, Agriculture & ‘Three Sisters’

01:25:16 Childhood, Military School; Academics, Nutrition & Nervous System

01:36:15 Plant Wisdom, Agriculture, Indigenous People

01:41:48 Evolution of Food Choices; Learning from Plants

01:48:15 Plant-Based Medicines; Amazonia, Guayusa Ritual & Chonta Palm

01:56:58 Yerba Mate, Chocolate, Guayusa

02:00:22 Brain, Gut & Sensory Integration; Variability

02:06:01 Electrical Patterns in Gut & Brain, “Hangry”

02:12:43 Gut Intuition, Food & Bonding; Subconscious & Superstition

02:22:00 Vagus Nerve & Learning, Humming

02:26:46 Digestive System & Memory; Body Sensing

02:32:51 Listening to the Body, Meditation

02:40:12 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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