Polls were less error-prone in 2024 compared to 2016 and 2020, with state-level polling being the most accurate in at least 25 years.
The average polling miss was 2.7 percentage points nationally and 2 percentage points in battleground states, significantly better than the 4 percentage point average over the past 25 years.
Pollsters might have faced non-response issues among Trump supporters, a problem that has persisted since 2016 and 2020.
River sampling, which drives people to answer polls through social media ads, had the lowest bias and error.
Weighting by past vote was seen as a way to ensure a proper mix of past Trump and Biden voters, though it's not clear if this method will be effective in future elections with different candidates.
Low response rates force pollsters to model the electorate, making all polls essentially models rather than representative samples.
Polls did a good job showing movement among Black and Latino voters towards Trump and among young voters, though some overestimated movement among Black voters and underestimated among Latinos.
While some pollsters still value live phone polls, the rise of new methods like river sampling suggests that the gold standard may be shifting to more innovative approaches.
All polls are now models due to low response rates, and there is no longer a single gold standard method. Instead, there are good pollsters who use effective modeling techniques.
Yes, pollsters are optimistic as polls continue to provide valuable insights into public opinion and democratic processes, despite the challenges posed by low response rates.
Election Day was a moment of truth for pollsters. After high-profile misses in 2016 and 2020, and with a public that has become less trusting of polling, 2024 had the potential to be a make-or-break year for the polls.
Two weeks later, pollsters are, on the whole, breathing sighs of relief. Polls were less error-prone this year than in 2016 and 2020. By one measure, state-level polling was the most accurate it’s been in at least 25 years.
But that’s not the whole story. In this installment of the 538 Politics podcast, we evaluate how the polls did, covering the good, the bad and the statistically insignificant. Hold on to your priors.
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