cover of episode How to lower cholesterol in 10 days | Dr. Sarah Berry

How to lower cholesterol in 10 days | Dr. Sarah Berry

2024/8/8
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ZOE Science & Nutrition

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Jonathan Wolfe: 本期节目讨论了胆固醇的知识,以及如何保持健康的胆固醇水平。近40%的人胆固醇过高,这会导致脂肪沉积在动脉中,增加患心脏病和中风的风险。节目中,Jonathan Wolfe 与 Dr. Sarah Berry 讨论了胆固醇的种类、饮食对胆固醇的影响、以及降低胆固醇的方法,包括饮食调整、生活方式改变和药物治疗等。 Dr. Sarah Berry: 胆固醇是脂质的一种,对人体健康至关重要。并非所有胆固醇都是有害的,LDL胆固醇有害,HDL胆固醇有益。饮食中的胆固醇对血液胆固醇的影响很小,但饮食中的其他成分,特别是脂肪和碳水化合物,会影响胆固醇水平。增加多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量,减少饱和脂肪和精制碳水化合物的摄入量,增加纤维和全谷物的摄入量,可以有效降低LDL胆固醇。肠道菌群的构成也会影响胆固醇水平。ApoB是脂蛋白颗粒上的标签,它与心血管疾病风险密切相关,直接测量ApoB水平比测量LDL胆固醇水平更能准确反映心血管疾病风险。此外,餐后甘油三酯的升高程度和恢复基线的时间也与心血管疾病风险相关。对于胆固醇过高的人,可以先尝试改变饮食和生活方式,如果效果不佳,再考虑服用他汀类药物。绝经期女性的胆固醇水平会发生变化,因此更需要注意饮食。 Jonathan Wolfe: 节目中,Jonathan Wolfe 详细询问了 Dr. Sarah Berry 关于胆固醇的各种问题,并对 Dr. Sarah Berry 的回答进行了总结和概括,例如:并非所有胆固醇都是坏的,人体需要胆固醇才能生存;过多的坏胆固醇会增加患心脏病的风险;肠道菌群的构成会影响胆固醇水平;合适的饮食可以像药物一样改善胆固醇;高健康脂肪饮食可以改善胆固醇,而高碳水化合物饮食会使胆固醇恶化;膳食胆固醇不会显著影响血液中的胆固醇水平,除非摄入量过高;增加健康脂肪的摄入量可以降低胆固醇;减少饱和脂肪和精制碳水化合物的摄入量,增加纤维和全谷物的摄入量,可以有效降低LDL胆固醇;直接测量ApoB水平比测量LDL胆固醇水平更能准确反映心血管疾病风险;餐后甘油三酯的升高程度和恢复基线的时间也与心血管疾病风险相关;绝经期女性的胆固醇水平会发生变化,因此更需要注意饮食;服用他汀类药物可以有效降低胆固醇。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Cholesterol is a type of fat necessary for various bodily functions, including hormone production and cell membrane composition. It exists in different forms, with LDL being 'bad' and HDL being 'good'.

Shownotes Transcript

Forty percent of people in the UK and US have high cholesterol. Knowing how to lower it can be confusing. In today’s episode, we simplify the science of cholesterol, drawing from ZOE’s 2021 PREDICT study, which explored its link to the gut microbiome.

Dr. Sarah Berry explains the differences between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cholesterol, discusses how cholesterol can impact your health, and shares tips on maintaining healthy cholesterol levels.

Sarah is a professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at King's College London and Chief Scientist at ZOE. She is also the lead nutritional scientist on the PREDICT program.

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Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:40 Quickfire questions

04:01 What is cholesterol?

05:50 LDL vs HDL cholesterol

11:35 How diet affects cholesterol

13:55 Which fats should you increase?

16:00 Why do some people have high LDL levels?

18:40 The gut microbiome and cholesterol

20:37 What is ApoB?

24:00 Why don’t all doctors measure ApoB?

25:50 Why triglycerides matter to your health

29:30 Triglycerides and post-meal responses

30:45 Which foods can help lower cholesterol?

33:20 Saturated fat explained

35:30 How refined carbs affect cholesterol

39:50 Can you trust ‘low fat’ food labels?

41:15 The benefits of whole grain carbohydrates and fibre

45:03 Sarah’s personal view on statins

48:13 Cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women

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