cover of episode On the Ballot: An Immigration System Most Americans Never Wanted

On the Ballot: An Immigration System Most Americans Never Wanted

2024/10/29
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David Leonhardt: 本期节目探讨了美国移民制度的演变及其对美国社会和政治的影响。他指出,许多美国人认为现行的移民系统并非他们所选择,也不是他们想要的,这与他们对过去几十年经济趋势的挫败感相结合,加剧了对移民问题的关注。1965年的移民法改革旨在消除基于种族和原籍国的歧视性移民制度,但其承诺不显著增加移民数量并未实现,反而导致了移民数量的激增。这一结果引发了公众对边境安全和劳动力市场竞争的担忧。Leonhardt还分析了Barbara Jordan委员会的报告,该报告指出,过高的移民水平可能会损害已经在美国的移民的利益,并呼吁对移民政策进行改革,以平衡支持移民和限制移民数量之间的关系。他认为,华盛顿的政治家长期以来忽视了工薪阶层在移民问题上的观点,导致了当前移民制度的困境。 Michael Barbaro: Barbaro在访谈中引导Leonhardt深入探讨了美国移民制度的历史、演变以及其对社会和政治的影响。他追溯了1965年移民法案的制定过程,并分析了该法案中存在的漏洞,以及这些漏洞如何导致了之后几十年移民数量的急剧增加。Barbaro还与Leonhardt讨论了非法移民问题,以及它与合法移民增加之间的相互作用。他特别关注了Barbara Jordan委员会的工作,以及该委员会如何试图解决1965年法律的意外后果。Barbaro还探讨了特朗普和拜登政府的移民政策,以及这些政策如何影响了公众对移民问题的看法。他强调了民调结果,显示选民更信任特朗普来处理移民问题,这与拜登政府时期移民数量大幅增加有关。Barbaro还讨论了民主党在移民问题上的立场,以及这种立场与许多美国人的立场之间的差距。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 lead to a significant increase in immigration?

The Act included a loophole allowing many family members to immigrate without counting against the quota.

Why did Barbara Jordan advocate for reducing legal immigration in the 1990s?

She believed high immigration levels could hurt immigrants and lead to political backlash against them.

Why did the recommendations of Barbara Jordan's commission on immigration fail to become law?

Political elites, including both Republicans and Democrats, opposed significant changes to immigration policy.

How did Donald Trump's stance on immigration contribute to his rise in the Republican Party?

He expressed hostility to trade and immigration policies that elites had pursued, resonating with working-class frustration.

Why is immigration a major concern for voters in the current election?

Voters feel the current system is not what they chose and is contributing to economic frustrations.

What are the economic trade-offs of high immigration levels?

While immigrants benefit and expand the economy, they can reduce wages for lower-income, less-educated workers.

Why did Joe Biden's administration see a surge in immigration?

Biden loosened immigration policies and spoke welcomingly about immigration, attracting more immigrants.

How does the current Democratic stance on immigration compare to public opinion?

The Democratic Party has moved further towards pro-immigration, distancing itself from the more moderate views of working-class Americans.

Chapters
The discussion begins with the centrality of immigration in the 2024 election, focusing on how Donald Trump's message about a broken immigration system resonates with voters.
  • Voters consistently rank immigration among their top concerns.
  • The conversation about immigration is often narrow, focusing mainly on the U.S.-Mexico border.
  • There's a broader picture of immigration that includes legal and illegal aspects, affecting both the economy and social services.

Shownotes Transcript

If Donald J. Trump wins next week’s election, it will be in large part because voters embraced his message that the U.S. immigration system is broken.

David Leonhardt, a senior writer at The New York Times, tells the surprising story of how that system came to be.

Guest: David Leonhardt), a senior writer at The New York Times who runs The Morning).

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