Laughter is considered relatively dangerous because it raises the pressure within the thorax and reduces oxygen levels, which can compromise cardiovascular health. It can also make it difficult to breathe, leading to gasping for air.
Laughter reduces adrenaline and cortisol levels, which helps lower heart rate and stress. It also increases endorphin uptake, leading to a sense of well-being and pain tolerance similar to a runner's high.
People laugh at the end of sentences to express agreement, understanding, affection, and affiliation, showing they are part of the same group. Laughter is highly coordinated and communicative in human interactions.
Involuntary laughter is controlled by an evolutionarily old network in the brain and is often helpless and uncontrollable. Voluntary laughter is controlled by a newer, more complex network and can be started, stopped, or withheld as needed.
Laughter helps bond individuals by indicating that a situation is safe and playful. It is highly contagious in humans, allowing for bonding without physical touch, which is unique compared to other animals.
Humor is subjective and varies by individual. People may find someone funnier if they like them and laugh around them, but this doesn't mean everyone will react the same way. Context, like whether the person is a professional comedian, also influences perceptions of humor.
Madeleine Finlay speaks to Sophie Scott, a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London, to dig into the science of laughter. Sophie explains what exactly laughter is, the many different purposes it serves for humans and animals, and how prioritising it could make us all feel a little better. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod)