cover of episode The science of laughing

The science of laughing

2024/12/10
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Science Weekly

People
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Madeleine Finlay
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Sophie Scott
Topics
Madeleine Finlay: 探讨了笑声的科学研究,从区分不同类型笑声(例如挠痒痒的笑声)开始,延伸到笑声在人类和动物中的作用、笑声的频率以及笑声研究的挑战(例如在实验室中诱导笑声的难度)。 Sophie Scott: 详细解释了笑声的生理机制,包括肋间肌的收缩和呼吸方式,以及笑声对人体化学物质(如肾上腺素、皮质醇和内啡肽)的影响,从而解释了笑声带来的愉悦感。她还区分了两种控制发声的神经系统,并解释了不同类型的笑声(例如自发性笑声和社交性笑声)。此外,她还探讨了笑声在不同哺乳动物中的作用,以及笑声在人类社会互动中的重要性,包括表达认同、掩饰情绪和缓和紧张气氛等。最后,她还探讨了幽默感的起源和机制,以及幽默感与笑声之间的关系,并指出幽默感具有主观性,不同的人对同一件事物的幽默感反应不同。 Madeleine Finlay: 主持访谈,提出问题,引导话题,并对Sophie Scott的观点进行总结和补充。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why is laughter considered a dangerous activity?

Laughter is considered relatively dangerous because it raises the pressure within the thorax and reduces oxygen levels, which can compromise cardiovascular health. It can also make it difficult to breathe, leading to gasping for air.

What are the physiological effects of laughter on the body?

Laughter reduces adrenaline and cortisol levels, which helps lower heart rate and stress. It also increases endorphin uptake, leading to a sense of well-being and pain tolerance similar to a runner's high.

Why do people laugh at the end of sentences in conversations?

People laugh at the end of sentences to express agreement, understanding, affection, and affiliation, showing they are part of the same group. Laughter is highly coordinated and communicative in human interactions.

What is the difference between involuntary and voluntary laughter?

Involuntary laughter is controlled by an evolutionarily old network in the brain and is often helpless and uncontrollable. Voluntary laughter is controlled by a newer, more complex network and can be started, stopped, or withheld as needed.

How does laughter contribute to social bonding in humans?

Laughter helps bond individuals by indicating that a situation is safe and playful. It is highly contagious in humans, allowing for bonding without physical touch, which is unique compared to other animals.

Why do humans find certain people funnier than others?

Humor is subjective and varies by individual. People may find someone funnier if they like them and laugh around them, but this doesn't mean everyone will react the same way. Context, like whether the person is a professional comedian, also influences perceptions of humor.

Chapters
This chapter explores the fundamental nature of laughter, examining its various forms and purposes across different species. It delves into the scientific study of laughter, highlighting the challenges of researching it in a controlled laboratory setting.
  • A study showed that people and AI can differentiate between tickling laughter and other types of laughter.
  • Chimpanzees exhibit different laughs depending on the context.
  • Laughter is studied through "sidewalk science" observation in natural settings.

Shownotes Transcript

Madeleine Finlay speaks to Sophie Scott, a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London, to dig into the science of laughter. Sophie explains what exactly laughter is, the many different purposes it serves for humans and animals, and how prioritising it could make us all feel a little better. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod)