Pinochet Part 3: Searching for the Disappeared
Real Dictators
Deep Dive
Why did Pinochet create the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA)?
Pinochet established DINA to continue the mission of eliminating Marxism and creating a climate of fear to prevent rebellion. It became one of the most repressive forces in Chile, often compared to the Gestapo.
How did the Chicago Boys influence Chile's economy under Pinochet?
The Chicago Boys, influenced by Milton Friedman's free market ideas, implemented neoliberal reforms including deregulation and privatization, which initially stabilized and grew the economy but also increased inequality.
What was Operation Condor, and why did Pinochet join it?
Operation Condor was a multinational intelligence collaboration between South American dictatorships to track and eliminate political opponents. Pinochet joined to target leftist exiles and maintain his grip on power.
How did the assassination of Orlando Letelier impact Pinochet's relationship with the U.S.?
The assassination, carried out by DINA agents, caused international outrage and strained U.S.-Chile relations. It led to investigations and revelations that made it harder for the U.S. to continue supporting Pinochet.
Why did Pinochet hold a referendum in 1988?
Pinochet called the 1988 referendum to legitimize his rule, offering the choice between another eight years of military rule or a return to civilian governance. The 'No' campaign, supported by opposition parties and foreign governments, ultimately defeated him.
How did Pinochet attempt to avoid prosecution after losing power?
Pinochet used Article 9 of the Chilean Constitution, which granted him lifetime senatorial immunity, to avoid prosecution. He also feigned mental and physical incapacity to delay legal proceedings.
What was the significance of Pinochet's arrest in London in 1998?
Pinochet's arrest in London marked a significant moment for the human rights movement, as it was the first time a former head of state was arrested for crimes committed during their rule. It also led to the declassification of U.S. documents detailing his abuses.
How many victims of Pinochet's regime have been found since democracy was restored in Chile?
Only 307 of the forcibly disappeared people have been found since the return to democracy, leaving hundreds of families without any trace of their loved ones.
- Establishment of DINA (National Intelligence Directorate)
- Use of informants and fear to maintain control
- Widespread human rights abuses, including torture and murder
- International support from the US despite human rights violations
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