cover of episode The Universal Basic Income experiment in Kenya

The Universal Basic Income experiment in Kenya

2024/1/10
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People
A
Abhijit V. Banerjee
A
Apollo
B
Barata Monday
C
Caroline
D
Daniel Otani
J
Jane Martha
J
Julius
L
Lydia Tolla
旁白
知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
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旁白: 本节目探讨了在肯尼亚进行的普遍基本收入实验,比较了一次性支付和分期支付两种方式对贫困人口的影响。实验结果显示,直接发放现金通常不会被浪费,人们会根据自身需求做出合理的选择,例如购买生产工具、改善住房条件等。但不同村民对资金的使用方式存在差异,一些人有效利用资金改善生活,一些人则挥霍浪费。 研究人员还比较了普遍基本收入(UBI)与一次性大额付款的有效性,发现初期一次性大额付款在促进脱贫方面似乎更有效,但长期每月支付的群体,由于心理预期和储蓄行为,其结果与一次性大额付款群体相似。 这项研究为现金援助的最佳发放方式提供了新的见解,也引发了关于长期影响和可持续性的思考。 Barata Monday: 我起初对收到这笔意外之财感到怀疑,因为在我们的文化中,不劳而获巨款是难以置信的。但这笔钱确实改善了我的生活,我用它买了一辆摩托车,成为了一名摩托车出租车司机,现在我的收入稳定了,孩子也不再挨饿了。 Daniel Otani: 我用这笔钱买了一张床垫和一个金属屋顶,金属屋顶比以前漏雨的草屋顶好太多了,这极大地改善了我的生活质量。 Caroline: 我用这笔钱买了一头奶牛,这就像把钱存进了银行,牛奶可以自用和出售,长期来看比每年购买草屋顶更划算。 Apollo: 我买了一头母牛,它每天产奶两升,我们一家喝一升,另一升可以卖钱,这为我们增加了收入。 Julius: 我的一些邻居挥霍了这笔钱,他们没有改善生活条件,甚至还因此感到尴尬。 Lydia Tolla: 我联系到了一位之前被认为是挥霍资金的村民,他解释说他用这笔钱支付了再婚的彩礼,所以仍然住在草屋里。 Abhijit V. Banerjee: 这项研究旨在比较普遍基本收入(UBI)与一次性大额付款的有效性。我最初担心UBI的小额每月支付难以储蓄,但参与者们通过自发组织互助会解决了这个问题,他们将每月收到的钱存入互助会,以便集中使用,最终达到与一次性大额付款群体相似的效果。 Jane Martha: 我用每月收到的钱扩展了我的面包生意,还增加了其他商品的销售,并建了一座新房子。我们村里很多人把每月收到的钱存入互助会,然后集中使用这笔钱。

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Shownotes Transcript

There's this fundamental question in economics that has proven really hard to answer: What's a good way to help people out of poverty? The old-school way was to fund programs that would support very particular things, like buying cows for a village, giving people business training, or building schools.But over the past few decades, there has been a new idea: Could you help people who don't have money by ... just giving them money? We covered this question in a segment of This American Life that originally ran in 2013). Economists who studied the question found) that giving people cash had positive effects on recipients' economic and psychological well-being. Maybe they bought a cow that could earn them money each week. Maybe they could replace their grass roofs with metal roofs that didn't need fixing every so often. The success of just giving people in poverty cash has spawned a whole set of new questions that economists are now trying to answer. Like, if we do just give money, what's the best way to do that? Do you just give it all at once? Or do you dole it out over time? And it turns out... a huge new study) on giving cash was just released and it's got a lot of answers.*Help support Planet Money and get bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)