cover of episode Summer School 2: The golden ages of labor and looms

Summer School 2: The golden ages of labor and looms

2024/7/17
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Rebecca Spang:当前经济挑战,如人工智能对就业的影响,凸显研究劳动史的重要性。历史上的劳资关系并非静态,权力会发生转移。 Keith Romer, Alexi Horowitz-Gazi, Anne McCants:黑死病后劳动力短缺导致工资上涨、工作条件改善和社会流动性增加,但同时也引发了社会秩序的动荡和统治阶级的反弹。这说明供求关系同样适用于劳动力市场,劳动力短缺会提高劳动者的议价能力。 Jacob Goldstein, David Kestenbaum, Joel Mokyr:卢德运动反映了工业革命初期机器取代手工劳动的过程,导致熟练工人失业和反抗。虽然最终失败,但展现了技术进步对劳动力市场的影响以及劳工的抗争。卢德运动并非简单的反技术,而是对失业和社会地位下降的反抗。 Rebecca Spang:工业革命初期,普通工人的生活水平下降,但随着政府干预,劳工条件改善,出现了40小时工作制、童工法和最低工资等,最终促进了消费社会的形成。劳资关系动态变化,劳工的权力并非一成不变,但长期来看,工人的状况有所改善,值得关注并争取劳工权力。 Robert Smith: 本集探讨了劳动力供求关系以及资本对劳动的替代。在历史的不同时期,劳工的权力会发生显著变化,有时会达到顶峰,但这种状态不会持续很久。

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Who has the power? Workers or bosses? It changes through the ages, though it's usually the bosses. Today, we look at two key moments when the power of labor shifted, for better and worse, and we ask why then? What does history have to say about labor power right now? We travel to Sicily, Italy in the year 1347, where the bubonic plague is about to strike. The horror known as the Black Death will remake European society in countless ways, but we'll focus on one silver lining: how economic conditions shifted for workers. Then we head about 500 years into the future, to an English factory at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, where textile workers take up arms against the machines taking their jobs and show how rapidly labor supply and demand can change. This is the famed tale of the Luddites, now a byword for knee jerk anti-technology, but the true story has nuance and a desperate but rational violent rebellion. *This series is hosted by Robert Smith and produced by Audrey Dilling. Our project manager is Devin Mellor. This episode was edited by Planet Money Executive Producer Alex Goldmark and fact-checked by Sofia Shchukina. Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)