cover of episode Hear us out: We ban left turns and other big ideas

Hear us out: We ban left turns and other big ideas

2024/1/24
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D
Daron Acemoglu
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Derek Hamel
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Sarah Gonzalez
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Vache Ga
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Vache Ga: 禁止左转弯可以显著提高交通效率,减少交通事故。虽然会增加部分车辆的行驶距离,但由于减少了路口等待时间,总体行驶时间反而会缩短。这一结论基于对虚拟城市交通网络的模拟测试,考虑了所有可能的交通组合。 Vache Ga 还指出,UPS 司机避免左转弯的策略也证明了这一方法的有效性,因为左转弯容易导致事故和时间浪费。这一方法实施简单,只需更改交通标志即可,无需大规模基础设施建设。 Sarah Gonzalez: 虽然专用左转信号灯可以提高安全性,但它效率低下,因为会阻塞其他车道。在讨论中,Sarah Gonzalez 与 Vache Ga 探讨了左转弯的利弊,并分析了各种解决方案的效率。 Derek Hamel: 婴儿债券计划旨在通过在出生时为每个婴儿设立信托基金,并根据家庭经济状况追加资金,来缩小种族财富差距。低收入家庭的孩子将获得更多资金,以帮助他们积累财富,用于购房、教育或创业。该计划旨在弥补历史上的不公平,并为所有孩子提供平等的财富积累机会。 Hamel 指出,虽然该计划的年度成本约为 1000 亿美元,但这与其他资产促进税收计划相比并不算高,而且这些计划主要惠及富裕的白人家庭。他认为,将部分资金转移到婴儿债券计划中,可以更有效地促进社会公平。 Daron Acemoglu: 美国现行的赢者通吃式选举制度导致政治极化,损害了民主效率。他建议废除国会选区,采用比例代表制,让每个政党的席位数与其得票率成比例。这样可以更好地代表所有选民的利益,减少极端候选人的影响。 Acemoglu 认为,虽然这种制度改变的可能性较小,但它是提高民主效率和社会公平的最有效方式。在比例代表制下,选民投票给政党,而不是个别候选人,政党根据得票率获得相应数量的席位。这将鼓励政党提名更温和的候选人,以吸引更广泛的选民。

Deep Dive

Chapters
A civil engineer suggests banning left turns to improve traffic flow. His simulations show that while some trips might be longer, overall travel time decreases due to reduced intersection congestion. This unconventional idea has similarities to UPS delivery routes, which also avoid left turns for efficiency.
  • Banning left turns reduces intersection accidents by 40%
  • Simulations show a net reduction in overall commute times despite longer individual trips for some
  • UPS drivers avoid left turns for efficiency and safety

Shownotes Transcript

On today's episode, we have three big economic ideas for your consideration – ideas that could potentially improve the economy and make us more efficient. First, what if we ban left turns on roads? Then, what if we gave every new baby ... a trust fund? And lastly, what if we completely got rid of U.S. congressional districts? That's all on today's episode. *This show was hosted by Sarah Gonzalez. It was produced by Willa Rubin and Emma Peaslee with help from Sam Yellowhorse Kesler. It was edited by Dave Blanchard and engineered by Robert Rodriguez. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer. Help support Planet Money and get bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).Always free at these links: Apple Podcasts), Spotify), Google Podcasts), the NPR app) or anywhere you get podcasts.*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)