Jacques Lacan's driving style was problematic because he drove at extremely high speeds and rarely stopped at red lights. This behavior not only endangered his passengers but also fed into his reputation as a philosophical rebel who disregarded societal norms and rules.
Philosophers find the experience of zoning out while driving interesting because it raises questions about the nature of consciousness and the relationship between baseline consciousness and altered states of mind. This state, often called 'highway hypnosis,' involves decreased attention to external events, higher reactivity thresholds, and short-term amnesia.
The long distance driving problem is relevant to the discussion of animal consciousness because some philosophers, like Peter Carruthers, argue that the zoned-out state of consciousness experienced during long drives is similar to the consciousness of non-human animals. Critics, however, reject this view, arguing that it conflates creature consciousness with state consciousness.
Driving has become a significant part of American identity because it is deeply embedded in cultural rituals and personal expressions. For example, choosing a first car is often seen as an extension of one's personality, and obtaining a driver's license is a rite of passage. Additionally, driving has transformed the built environment, leading to the development of driving theaters, motels, and suburban sprawl.
The experience of driving alters our perception of time and space because it allows us to traverse distances much faster than before, compressing the physical world. This change is linked to the broader political economy of speed, where speed is equated with power and efficiency. Driving transforms our experience of landscapes, making them seem more manageable and accessible.
Self-driving cars are seen as a significant transformation in human civilization because they promise to revolutionize transportation, reduce human error in driving, and potentially save lives. They are already becoming normalized in cities like San Francisco, where they are used as taxis and have been largely successful, though they face challenges like navigating freeways and maintaining passenger comfort.
The trolley problem is used in discussions about self-driving car ethics to explore how these vehicles should be programmed to make moral decisions under conditions of uncertainty. However, critics argue that the trolley problem is not the best model for these ethics, as real-world driving conditions rarely present such clear-cut moral dilemmas.
There might be a black market for altering the ethics programming of self-driving cars because individuals, especially those with the means to pay experts, could rig these vehicles to prioritize their safety over others. This raises concerns about wealth inequality and the potential for unethical modifications.
The adoption of self-driving cars is connected to discussions of public safety because they are statistically safer than human drivers, who are prone to errors such as speeding, aggressive driving, and distractions. Some philosophers argue that humans should be banned from driving to reduce the risk of accidents and protect the public.
Have you ever wanted to go on a road trip with the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan? After listening to this episode, you certainly won’t! In episode 119 of Overthink, Ellie and David talk about the experience of driving and the moral and social dilemmas involved with it. How does driving alter our relationship with time and space? What is the “long distance driving problem”, and what does it have to do with animal consciousness? And how should we respond to the uprise in self-driving cars? Buckle in and get ready for this ride into the philosophy of driving. Plus, in the bonus they dive deeper into the ethics of self-driving cars, exploring the repercussions hacking could have on self-driving cars. What moral philosophy should be programmed into the self-driving vehicles of the future? And who gets to decide?
Works Discussed:David Armstrong, A Materialist Theory of The MindKenneth Jackson's, The Crabgrass FrontierStatamatis Karnouskos, “Self-Driving Car Acceptance and the Rule of Ethics”Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of PerceptionCatherine Millot, Life with LacanLynne Pearce, DrivetimeWilliam Ratoff, “Self-driving Cars and the Right to Drive”Mark Rowlands, Animal Rights: Moral Theory and PracticePaul Virillio, Speed and Politics: An Essay on DromologyJamison Webster, “Riding in Cars with Jacques Lacan”Andreas Wolkenstein, “What has the Trolley Dilemma ever done for us (and what will it do in the future)? On some recent debates about the ethics of self- driving cars”
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