cover of episode #844 - Dr Laith Al-Shawaf - Why Do Humans Actually Have Emotions?

#844 - Dr Laith Al-Shawaf - Why Do Humans Actually Have Emotions?

2024/9/28
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Laith Al-Shawaf:情绪并非不理性,而是具有适应性,每种情绪都有其进化功能,例如恐惧保护我们免受危险,厌恶保护我们免受病原体和污染,愤怒帮助我们与不公平对待我们的人进行谈判,浪漫的爱将人们联系在一起,嫉妒帮助我们在地位等级中导航等等。情绪不仅仅是感觉状态,还包括身体、大脑、思维和行为的多种变化,这些变化协调一致地帮助我们解决问题。例如,恐惧会增强感知、集中注意力、调动资源并改变我们对世界的认知方式,以帮助我们逃离危险。厌恶不仅让我们感到厌恶,还会引发免疫反应,并改变我们的行为,让我们避免污染源。情绪帮助我们争取自身的需求和利益,但这并不意味着它们是完全自私的,也包括对亲人、朋友和盟友的利益的维护。爱情有助于解决承诺问题,它将欺骗的代价从未来转移到现在,让我们更倾向于忠于伴侣。负面情绪虽然感觉不好,但它们与正面情绪一样具有功能性和适应性,有助于我们的生存和繁殖。从进化的角度来看,不同文化之间情绪的表面差异可能源于更深层次的心理一致性。进化的视角有助于解决情绪悖论,即情绪既有益又有害,这可以通过情绪的进化目的、准确性以及进化错配来解释。例如,焦虑的过度反应是其设计的特征,而不是缺陷。没有证据表明某些情绪比其他情绪更基本,每种情绪都有其进化目的。羞耻感有助于防止我们做出可能导致社会地位和声誉下降的行为,并试图减少社会贬值的可能性。自豪感与羞耻感相反,它与参与带来社会价值的行为和向他人展示这些行为有关。现代社会中焦虑和抑郁的增加可能与社会支持网络的变化、饮食和运动方式的改变以及对他人成就的过度曝光有关。幸福难以实现的原因包括享乐主义的跑步机效应、不可避免的竞争以及负面情绪的过度表达和进化错配。理解情绪的来源可以帮助我们减少对负面情绪的自我谴责。情绪系统本身是适应性的,但其输出可能存在偏差。 Chris:与Laith Al-Shawaf讨论了情绪的进化解释,并就各种情绪(如恐惧、惊讶、敬畏、羞耻、内疚、嫉妒、羡慕、自豪、愤怒等)的进化功能和适应性进行了探讨。还讨论了现代社会中焦虑和抑郁的增加,以及幸福难以实现的原因。探讨了情绪与认知的关系,以及如何以更细致的方式看待情绪,既要认识到它们的好处,也要认识到它们的坏处。

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Dr Laith Al-Shawaf is an evolutionary psychologist, researcher and Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at UCCS.

Humans have a wide range of emotions. But why do we feel anything at all? Why do we have a felt sense of emotions and how did they evolve?

Expect to learn the evolutionary story of why humans feel stuff, whether some emotions are more basic than others, evolutionary explanations for joy, anger, disgust, envy, awe, happiness and much more…

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