cover of episode #786 - Steve Stewart-Williams - Why Are Differences Between Men & Women Being Denied?

#786 - Steve Stewart-Williams - Why Are Differences Between Men & Women Being Denied?

2024/5/20
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克里斯·威尔克斯
史蒂夫·斯图尔特-威廉姆斯
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史蒂夫·斯图尔特-威廉姆斯:从进化的角度来看,人类的行为模式,例如性别差异、配偶选择、嫉妒等,都可以找到合理的解释。人类的文化进化是独立于生物进化的,文化元素(模因)的复制和选择塑造了人类文化。人类是经过改良的“孙辈最大化机器”,即为了自身以及亲属的生存和繁殖而努力。人类最大的心理性别差异在于大多数男性主要对女性有性兴趣,而大多数女性主要对男性有性兴趣。男性更容易因伴侣的性不忠而感到不安,而女性更容易因伴侣的情感不忠而感到不安。这与父权不确定性和女性对长期伴侣资源的需求有关。关于女性隐匿排卵的解释尚不明确,但可能是为了促进伴侣关系的稳定。人类的性别差异并非完全由社会化造成,多种证据表明其存在进化基础,例如长期稳定性、早期发育、跨文化普遍性等。在其他物种中也存在类似的性别差异,这支持了进化论的解释。人类最常见的交配模式是配偶结合,但也存在一夫多妻制和婚外性行为。 克里斯·威尔克斯:人们在理解性别差异时,常犯两个错误:一是否认或低估性别差异的存在,二是夸大性别差异的程度。男性对女性体型偏好的变化与经济环境有关,经济不确定时期偏好丰满女性,经济安全时期偏好苗条女性。女性故意节食和厌食症可能是文化副产品,而非祖先节育的遗迹。性别平等悖论指的是,在性别平等程度较低的国家,某些性状的性别差异反而较小。这可能与文化层面的变量有关,例如个人主义和财富水平,这些因素会放大个体差异,包括性别差异。STEM领域男女比例差异并非完全由歧视和社会化造成,兴趣差异也起着重要作用。现代约会和交配方式与人类祖先的交配模式存在差异,这可能导致人们对嫉妒等情感的误解。人类祖先的配偶关系并非终身制,而更多的是串联式一夫一妻制。关于人类基因组的崩溃理论和人口出生率下降,可能是由于现代医疗技术降低了自然选择压力,导致有害基因积累,并可能影响人们生育意愿。

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Steve Stewart-Williams is an evolutionary psychologist, a professor and an author.

If you follow the thread of evolution long enough, you see that humans are simply a product of adaptations. So why are humans so peculiar? Does everything we do have a rational explanation, or are there aspects of our lives and psychology we have yet to understand?

Expect to learn how aliens would view our species if they were observing from above, what most people get wrong about understanding sex differences, Steve’s best explanation for the gender equality paradox, why humans have such strange sexual desires, why men tend to insult their intimate partners, how to deal with the discomfort of learning evolutionary psychology, my spicy new theory on dysgenic gene erosion and much more...

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