cover of episode #426 – Edward Gibson: Human Language, Psycholinguistics, Syntax, Grammar & LLMs

#426 – Edward Gibson: Human Language, Psycholinguistics, Syntax, Grammar & LLMs

2024/4/17
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Lex Fridman Podcast

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Edward Gibson教授详细阐述了其对人类语言的研究,从孩童时期对英语语法学习的兴趣出发,逐步深入探讨了心理语言学、句法、语法等领域,并结合其在MIT语言实验室的科研经历,对依赖语法理论、乔姆斯基的理论、以及大语言模型(LLM)的局限性等方面进行了深入分析。他认为,依赖语法理论能够更清晰地展现词语间的依赖关系,并解释了不同语言中词序的规律。他与乔姆斯基的理论差异主要体现在研究方法上,他更注重实证研究,而乔姆斯基更注重理论推演。他还探讨了语言与思维的关系,认为语言是一种交流系统,而思维则更为抽象,两者并非完全重合。此外,他还分析了LLM的局限性,认为LLM擅长处理语言的形式,但在理解语言的意义方面仍存在不足。 Lex Fridman作为访谈者,引导Edward Gibson教授深入探讨了人类语言的各个方面,并就依赖语法、乔姆斯基理论、大语言模型(LLM)等话题与其进行了深入交流。他提出了许多具有启发性的问题,例如语言形式与意义的关系、语言的演化、LLM的局限性以及人类语言与动物交流的可能性等。通过与Edward Gibson教授的对话,Lex Fridman展现了他对人类语言和人工智能领域的浓厚兴趣以及敏锐的洞察力。

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Edward Gibson's fascination with human language began in school when he was intrigued by the structure of sentences in English grammar. He later pursued computational linguistics at Cambridge, which led him to explore the puzzle of language from an engineering perspective.
  • Edward Gibson found the process of structuring sentences in English grammar interesting from a young age.
  • He pursued computational linguistics at Cambridge, a field he had no prior experience in.
  • Gibson's journey in understanding language was influenced by his background in mathematics and computer science.

Shownotes Transcript

Edward Gibson is a psycholinguistics professor at MIT and heads the MIT Language Lab. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:

Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/edward-gibson-transcript

EPISODE LINKS: Edward's X: https://x.com/LanguageMIT TedLab: https://tedlab.mit.edu/ Edward's Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4FsWE64AAAAJ TedLab's YouTube: https://youtube.com/@Tedlab-MIT

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OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:53) - Human language (14:59) - Generalizations in language (20:46) - Dependency grammar (30:45) - Morphology (39:20) - Evolution of languages (42:40) - Noam Chomsky (1:26:46) - Thinking and language (1:40:16) - LLMs (1:53:14) - Center embedding (2:19:42) - Learning a new language (2:23:34) - Nature vs nurture (2:30:10) - Culture and language (2:44:38) - Universal language (2:49:01) - Language translation (2:52:16) - Animal communication