词汇提示

1.reign 当政

2.charted 绘制地图

3.claimed 夺取

4.trophies 战利品

5.preacher 牧师

6.opium 鸦片

7.interpreters 口译员

8.malaria 疟疾

9.abolished 废除

10.neglecting 忽视

11.commissioned 委托

原文

David Livingstone ? Medical Missionary

During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901),British people traveled around the whole world.

They charted the seas, mapped out distant countries and studied plants, animals and people.

They also claimed many lands for England.

This kind of international travel was made easier by improved transportation and communication.

New inventions such as steamships, trains, telegraphs and telephones made long distances seem smaller.

Of course, people had different reasons for going to distant lands.

Some were businessmen who saw economic opportunities overseas.

Big-game hunters wanted to be the first to shoot strange animals and bring back trophies to England.

Scientists intended to study unknown animals and plants.

Missionaries planned to be the first to introduce Christianity to faraway people.

In 1836 a young Scotsman called David Livingstone began to study medicine in Glasgow.

Livingstone intended to become a medical missionary.

This means that he would be a doctor, as well as a preacher and teacher.

Livingstone (1813-1873) came from a poor family.

From an early age, he had worked 14 hours a day in a clothing factory for very little pay.

But he was determined to learn.

He took his books with him to the factory and read as he worked.

Then, after work, he would go to his teacher to learn more.

Livingstone's goal was to teach faraway people about Jesus.

However, unlike some missionaries, he was also interested in science, geography and exploring.

He had planned to go to China in 1839, but because of the Opium Wars no missionaries were being sent there.

Instead, he asked to go to South Africa.

Europeans had traveled around the coasts of Africa for hundreds of years.

But very few white people had traveled inland.

A missionary named Robert Moffatt who had begun a mission at Kuruman in the interior inspired Livingstone.

Livingstone arrived in Kuruman in 1841.

This was the farthest outpost of white settlement, and no one seemed to want to go further inland.

Livingstone felt that the missionaries should go to the Africans, rather than waiting for the Africans to come to them.

With a fellow missionary he set out.

When they came to an African tribe, they would talk to the chief and ask permission to preach to his people.

Livingstone would also set up a tent and treat the people who had diseases.

After a while, he would move on to the next tribe.

Once Livingstone learned the Bantu language he would talk to many Africans.

But sometimes he needed interpreters.

There were many diseases, including malaria and sleeping sickness.

Livingstone suffered much of his life from river fever.

He was also so weak that he rode on the back of an ox.

Livingstone wanted to stop the slave trade.

At this time, the slave trade was the most profitable business in Africa.

Livingstone hoped that if other kinds of trade were developed, then slavery could be abolished.

In order to open up trade, he wanted to find an easy route into the center of Africa.

Livingstone kept going further into the interior.

He was probably the first European to cross the Kalahari Desert before reaching Lake Ngami in present-day Botswana.

Not long after, he traveled further inland.

He explored the sources of the Zambesi and Kasai rivers and eventually reached the west coast of Africa at Luanda, Angola.

Livingstone was being criticized for neglecting missionary work in order to explore.

Livingstone replied that he was opening up the continent for missionaries.

Meanwhile, he was becoming famous as a great explorer.

The British government commissioned him to explore the Zambesi River.

They hoped that ships could sail up the river into the interior.

Unfortunately, the Zambesi had too many rapids.

However, Livingstone did find a route up the Shire River to Lake Nyassa.

He continued to struggle against the slave trade which was now being taken over by Arabs.

Livingstone died in Africa in 1873.

He was the first white man to explore Botswana Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and surrounding areas.

He was not only a great explorer, but also a fine doctor and a good missionary.

Nowadays, the countries that Livingstone visited are nearly all Christian--just as he hoped they would be.

翻译

戴维·利文斯通？医学传教士

维多利亚女王统治期间（1837-1901年），英国人周游世界。
他们绘制了海洋图，绘制了遥远的国家地图，研究了植物、动物和人。
他们还为英格兰夺取了许多土地。
由于交通和通讯的改善，这种国际旅行变得更加容易。
新的发明，如轮船、火车、电报机和电话，使得远距离看起来更短。
当然，人们去遥远的地方有不同的原因。
有些是看到海外经济机会的商人。
大型猎物猎人希望成为第一个射杀奇怪动物并将战利品带回英格兰的人。
科学家们打算研究未知的动植物。
传教士计划成为第一个向遥远的人们介绍基督教的人。
1836年，一位名叫戴维·利文斯通的年轻苏格兰人开始在格拉斯哥学习医学。
利文斯通打算成为一名医学传教士。
这意味着他将成为一名医生，同时也是一名传教士和教师。
利文斯通（1813-1873）来自一个贫穷的家庭。
从很小的时候起，他就在一家服装厂每天工作14小时，工资微薄。
但他决心学习。
他把书带到工厂，边工作边看书。
然后，下班后，他会去他的老师那里学习更多。
利文斯通的目标是教导遥远的人们关于耶稣的事。
然而，与一些传教士不同，他也对科学、地理和探索感兴趣。
他计划在1839年去中国，但由于鸦片战争，没有传教士被派往那里。
相反，他要求去南非。
数百年来，欧洲人在非洲海岸旅行。
但很少有白人去过内陆。
一位名叫罗伯特·莫法特（Robert Moffatt）的传教士在内陆的库鲁曼（Kuruman）开始了一次传教，他启发了利文斯通（Livingstone）。
利文斯通于1841年抵达库鲁曼。
这是白人定居点最远的前哨，似乎没有人想再往内陆走。
利文斯通认为传教士应该去非洲人那里，而不是等非洲人来找他们。
他和一位传教士同行出发了。
当他们来到一个非洲部落时，他们会与酋长交谈，并请求允许向他的人民布道。
利文斯通还将搭起帐篷，治疗患病者。
过了一段时间，他会搬到下一个部落。
一旦利文斯通学会了班图语，他就会和许多非洲人交谈。
但有时他需要口译员。
那里有许多疾病，包括疟疾和昏睡病。
利文斯通一生中大部分时间都在遭受河热病。
他也很虚弱，骑在牛背上。
利文斯通想阻止奴隶贸易。
当时，奴隶贸易是非洲最赚钱的生意。
利文斯通希望，如果发展其他类型的贸易，那么奴隶制就可以废除。
为了开放贸易，他想找到一条通往非洲中心的捷径。
利文斯通继续深入内部。
他可能是第一个穿越卡拉哈里沙漠到达今天博茨瓦纳的恩加米湖的欧洲人。
不久之后，他前往内陆。
他探索了赞比西河和卡赛河的源头，最终到达了安哥拉罗安达的非洲西海岸。
利文斯通因忽视传教工作而受到批评。
利文斯通回答说，他正在向传教士开放非洲大陆。
与此同时，他作为一名伟大的探险家而出名。
英国政府委托他探索赞比西河。
他们希望船只能顺河航行到内陆。
不幸的是，赞比西河有太多的急流。
然而，利文斯通确实找到了一条从夏尔河到尼亚萨湖的路线。
他继续与奴隶贸易作斗争，而奴隶贸易现在正被阿拉伯人占领。
利文斯通于1873年在非洲去世。
他是第一个探索博茨瓦纳、津巴布韦、赞比亚、马拉维和周边地区的白人。
他不仅是一位伟大的探险家，也是一位优秀的医生和传教士。
如今，利文斯通访问的国家几乎都是基督徒——正如他所希望的那样。

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Level 4-Day 29.David Livingstone Medical Missionary