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The Prime Meridian

2025/2/5
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我将解释本初子午线以及它为何位于格林尼治天文台的历史。本初子午线是全球经度线的参考点,但其选择是任意的,并没有客观理由。这与纬度线不同,纬度线以赤道为基准,赤道是地球自转的自然结果。而经度线则需要一个人为选择的参考点。 在历史上,不同国家曾根据各自的国家天文台设立不同的本初子午线,例如西班牙使用马德里子午线,法国使用巴黎子午线,英国使用格林尼治子午线。这导致了全球时间和经度标准的不统一。 19世纪,随着全球贸易和标准化的发展,以及新技术的出现,例如电报和铁路,一个共同的经度和时间标准变得至关重要。格林尼治平均时由于英国在航海和商业上的主导地位而被广泛采用。 1884年,国际子午线会议决定采用格林尼治子午线作为本初子午线,并使用格林尼治平均时作为世界标准时间。这一决定虽然是任意的,但却对全球导航和时间标准化起到了至关重要的作用。 值得注意的是,格林尼治天文台的本初子午线与GPS定义的本初子午线并不完全一致,这是由于测定方法的不同。GPS定义的本初子午线基于国际地球参考框架,这是一个更精确的系统,它使用卫星数据来测量地球的形状和旋转,而不是从地表上的一个固定点。 最后,我还讨论了其他星球本初子午线的选择问题。对于大多数天体,本初子午线的选择也是任意的。但有些天体,例如月球,由于潮汐锁定,可以有一个自然的本初子午线。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter introduces the Prime Meridian, a reference line of longitude, and explores the geographic coordinate system, including lines of latitude and longitude. It highlights the historical challenges in determining longitude and the significance of John Harrison's accurate timepiece.
  • The Prime Meridian is an imaginary line running from the North Pole to the South Pole, serving as the reference point for all other lines of longitude.
  • Lines of latitude are imaginary horizontal lines running east-west, while lines of longitude run north-south.
  • Determining longitude was a historical challenge, solved by accurate timekeeping using John Harrison's timepiece.
  • The Prime Meridian's location is arbitrary, unlike the equator, which is naturally defined by Earth's rotation.

Shownotes Transcript

Located in East London is the Royal Greenwich Observatory. 

Passing directly through the observatory is an imaginary line that extends from the North Pole to the South Pole. 

This line is significant because it is the reference point for every other line of longitude in the world. 

What is even more remarkable is that there is no objective reason for this particular line to be so important. 

Learn more about the Prime Meridian and why it is where it is on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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