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Scotlands just a never dying fame. Will in africa, asia and amErica proclaim liberty, liberty, national shame of all of us that went before whenever we plant shall be free Scottish company and .
we interpret them. Welcome to eat with me and nation. This is how we start every podcast before you join us.
He does this a self motivating speech into a mirror. We just came on a bit early. So hello, welcome to emperor .
e with me in each other.
It's going to be insuperably buried in this, in this point cast. Look, what was that, that you just read hours.
So that was the proclamation, the liberty and free trade of the Scottish company that went off to found the great darran scheme that tragically never quite reached its full potential. And they get back to.
you say, the great darran scheme. IT is one of I colleague of us here at go hunger said. IT is much like the fire festival. I know if you you are familiar that IT was a fantastic documentary about this, which was meant to be one of the greatest music festivals on an island in paradise. Young influences from instagram and IT turned out to load the flies, and basically .
was a disaster almost.
By the way, news just in from three days are far festival too. I'm yet to hear whether wedding.
darren too. I feel we need to go huger, empt, present. great.
I feel not because they have also, or anywhere to pay. Look together, we are going to be diving into this new series at which is, just as you can see, unleashed, full blown, willing to for the history of scotland and empire, for the Jacobite uprising and coordinate Scotts in india, we're going to be chasing a remarkable rise of scotland. S global influence are many unexpected twist in terms in this story, let me tell you.
And i'm so that we've got such a good guest because i've been chatting away. Well, you a god knows where, having the most amazing conversation with archaeologist mark gordon, who is my favorite inDiana genes, seriously, he is a fabulous archeologist. He is adding to the historical record in ways in which i'm finding my mind blown every time he tells me a story. But he said to talk about the darran scheme, one of the most ambitious colonial ventures of the seventeenth century, IT saw scotland trying to establish its own colony, new colorada on the estimate of pana. And, you know, to win this story with that, and they all lived happily ly ever after, is misleading.
He doesn't go that way. I should say that this is not only one of my favorite Scott stories, tragic though IT is, but that mark and I have been friends since he was my trench supervisor on an archaic logical dig, rapt in nineteen and eighty three Marks.
So we talking about pao to say, much .
seventeen.
What was he like? He was seventeen, and I was not that matter. And he was as bumptious then he is.
Are we talking uncontrollable?
Yes, completely, completely .
uncontrollable.
yeah. In those days was exactly as he is that with with the difference that he he had this terrible, terrible car, he had this sort of motoring zed top aware, uh, our lives, Robin, that he used to right around the at high speed without ever looking left or right, charging forward. And i've never felt more insecure in my tar life. That was my bug from four mark hall, where we, you think, to the raptors VC garden, where marker just found an enormous hiking channel, has that we've dealt with before on empower because it's where cat, just as little gun at beat, turned up found by one thousand nine hundred eighty three.
Wow, wow.
I even saw the label and have my hand .
rising on the deets for, but done of us really .
what IT was to be. We didn't know he .
was not didn't beat.
Well, more in the fact that after we come fair, i'm going to be completely pumping in for information about the I suspend. I know what most of the answers will .
be already just to give the full picture market. This point was already a fully figured fellow, I think it's fair to say was wearing these sort of nineteen thirteen british empire building cocky shorts to dig. The vick garden directed at the vika, would occasionally merged from his porch to find Marks on the wielding liking. So whatever found changed my life. Yeah.
if you remember, we played out all the skills on his lord in serious ranks.
You have been .
delighted. more.
Look, we are so happy that you're here and you're going to talk through something that I guarantee most people will not know about darian scheme because I I didn't know until, you know, we propose doing this as as a subject on empire. Just first, all that IT happened, all how terribly disasters IT turned out to be, and also the reasons that IT went very, very wrong. So look, let's festival paint picture.
Mark, let's start with a little bit of context. Scotland, towards the end of the seventeen th century, what was IT like? What did you think of itself? And what did other people think of scotland?
I think we probably need to go back to the excess. James the first, James the sixth.
when the crown unifi. James the first to six, being the son of my queen of scots, who comes to the throne after her judicial murder by by little with the first and her and death .
and attentive ally, who knew about the annuity between the scots and english. But because of the nash succession, James the first walls as IT were king two nations, but the two nations were effectively independent of one another. The king had two privy councils, and certain so far in the greatest of enmity existed between the two.
in much the same way that australia and britain have the same thing today, a but our entire independent .
to each other. And essentially in the seventh century we see a burgeoning colonial trade emerging of the english established colonies. Example in north america, James and of the Scott see themselves missing out on this great banana.
The sugar production in the west is being produced and realized that if they were going to survive economically, they would have to join the colonel race. But the english, we are going to have nothing of IT. The english east india company was in his early formation.
I defer to William about this, but in particular, the directors, indian companies, were really concerned about scotland coming into competition with the english. So that was a context. Scotland was of a poor country.
We should say that these, the disability, had to beat off english rivals to at the beginning, there been very other attempts to mount rival eastern to companies. In the last I wanted was Scott's competition. So the Scotts were viciously excluded. If any Scott landed in madras or bombay at this point, they would be granted and put in brisson. Okay.
but is IT just the scots in their own right? Or a little bit of worry that scots were y with the dutch, and the dutch were were great empire builders already. And that was something that really made the english uncomfortable.
And now the figure, William pattison an, so William pattison an, was one of a group of of london Scott, born in dm. Fish though, but in schema, in done fish. yeah.
And I can found his little house where he was born, actually still standing down, for sure. Yes, the inhabitants don't know. So we, liam patterson, was essentially a product economics. This is finally, before adam smith, but very interested money, the circulation, the money, the circulation of trade. He spent an early part of his life in bristol and got to know about the trade of bristoll dictes activities in the western is colony.
By what you mean? The save trade? Well, it's bit early for the slave trade is really sugar at this point, right? Bristol, really to save train seven hundred and so immediately before that, but pattison an also spends time in port royal, which is of course the great sort of hub for paradol activities as well as trade in jamaa.
It's part the .
carbon pub that's fortunate to O R the sea, but passes and two things he learned, one of which was a duck wording really well by free trade. Carrick, which is just the corner, was obviously the model that he thought. This is the way forward.
On the second was the pilot to just come back from the great pirate exposition of sixteen, eighty, sixty, eighty one, where they crossed the eastman as of panama and realized relative easy across the is moas. And if they walked across the is moas, they could then attack the spanish in the pacific. They, they landed an island, island which will appear later and narrative and set out across the mountain range, arriving down into the pacific.
They capture a couple of span ships. Down there is a small town called santamaria antia, and then sale up to panama city, where they money to read some spanish ships and then manage to return back with a ut. Various people got lost on the way, including a doctor called line, or wafa, who then spent a year among the indians of the emas and came back and wrote a lavish account about how friendly they were, how wonderful the landscape is, how prosper IT is. And that also effectively gave the Scott y idea or why don't we go to the isp panel?
So he's over hearing this William patient, as that all these excited pirates are coming back. You will never guess what we just did. Hoo and a bottle of ARM.
That's right. He hears about an import role from the parents .
in persons person in probably sixteen.
eighty one. And these pirates are licensed by the crown, the official pirates, or official.
These were not licensed facial s it's of the early pair of the great era of acy going, but basically a confederation of pirates Marks across emas. The great story indeed. So pattison's this idea, and he went back to london. Natural, the thing, this is the way forward for scotland. But try to tell this story in london.
and nobody would listen to him. Now is IT on a five pocket in in with back. They look, we got possibility here. The islamic is cross ble.
We can do some stuff in the nineties when all these other schemes are happening. And he wants to establish this as a company in london. But the english in his company, again, have nothing of IT, and the promoters of this are effectively have to escape to scotland.
There are impeachment proceedings placed against pattersons and the other merchants with this scheme, and they have to flee to scotland, otherwise they would likely to be arrested by parliament. He has towards ebra. He has to ebra and as an alternative idea, comes up with this idea of setting up up as a Scottish company because of scotland, this pointed independent were able to do this.
And the the initial idea was to create the company of scotlands trading to africa. And the indeed, there is no fixed idea of where this trading company is go to Operate. IT was the idea initially if ve just being .
a trading company OK, so just being a trading company, but you trading companies don't come cheap. They are not t on fresh. Ambitious hopes. So does he have money to back this game?
No, not at this stage at all. They create act of parliament to create the the company. But i'm certain as in the back of his mind, darran was going to be the objective. But this was kept incredibly secret at this point. They just created the company. And then once the actor parliament had been established, the cat was out of the bag and line away for the doctor with this testimony about this amazing countryside, this landscaping panama was brought up secretly to. And he was interviewed by the directors of the company, who then were then convinced, along with partisanship.
reasoning that they should go for that. And was he afraid? I mean, was he selling the time? And this was A O I think .
he had a lovely time, and they thought he was ago. And his account, I think he was looked after by the indian. Critical thing was indians were very friendly to him and looked after him. And we have an incredible detail of the indian life among the whom he stayed.
But one crucial factor were not talking about here, and indeed, he may not talked about at the time, and that isn't this actually. Now at area claimed by .
spain is not just in the area claimed by spain. IT was the second place where spain established a permanent colony on the mainland of the new world. Also be working in in his, his, in the caravan. But they came to the smos apamia, establish two towns, centauri and then, and actually probably found in fifty nine, eight, fifty nine, nine. And IT was at accurate that vasco dba had created his space camp to Carry ships over the mountains, and we build them on the pacific coast.
So Carry them over how so to dismantle them, like lego, and taking a bit .
by bit the ships on the beach of actor, right? And they encourage the ships over the mountains. And we assembled them on the other side.
the amazing .
over a peines I did.
We should say what darren is because we keeps saying the darren gain, darren, darren, but we're talking darren is a can you locate IT for us on a man?
okay. So you go down the export panama and you get smaller and smaller and smaller and turns right where IT attaches itself to colombia. So the bit that turns right, okay.
but this is the narrowest point in the whole amErica that you can cross.
yes, that's .
right in the world is incredibly wait sma stuff. And it's the only bit where the pan american highway doesn't go through. So right from the south to the north and this area hundred miles, which is not a rainforest where you cannot go through way through. So south america, north amErica are disconnected through what's known as the darian gap because it's just too difficult even today. But also politically, I think effect panamanians don't want colombian drug barriers marching into panel.
right? Wo yes, I mean, fair. But I mean, I think he had some of us said this when he was in england trying to convince people that this was a great trade opportunity. No one really listen to him, or they saw him as a thread.
Did Scottish, the scotish paramenters arians immediately believe in him? Or is IT on the say so of the doctor? He comes by promising milk, honey, I can have to stump up a lot of cash for this to make .
this where they stump up four hundred thousand pounds. That's what the capitalization the company was, which in modern terms, about sixty seven million, eight million pounds.
which for a poor country like scotland, is a considerable chunk of the national economy.
Not just paul, but they they just suffer a farm. Yeah, remember, I mean, is a terrible farming. People are really struggling financially.
They've been very oppressed. They have had several decades .
of .
of civil conflict proceeding this in earlier.
we went Better, like call this brocas.
but so much before we .
dive in any further, just give us a picture of what really how poor scotland is and how excluded IT is from the burgeoning why is there such an tight in edinburgh now to invest money in the scheme like this? Why do the Scott see this is such a golden opportunity?
Scotland was really desperately poor in the late seventeen century, and we know these innovations in emphatic street, and we can see the utter poverty of this place. Virgin ceramic c industry, for example, there's still living off wood and leather. The trading ambitions are very limited.
They try trade with the duck. Trade with england is largely excluded and is really hard to conduct. And it's still very much a rural population. The highlands are still very, very poor and remote. The very few indigenous industries .
pack communications.
Poor roads, very poor roads. IT was very future al society of a tribal society. And we just look at the architecture example in this period, this very, very little to actually survive.
So I mean, they're paul, but they have aspirations to be Better, to be bigger. And when IT comes venturing the world market for trade, what is IT that they're hoping to trade? I mean, what have they .
got to send out an important point that as well as being ambitious, as you rightly say. And so they are also at the top heavy with an over pated delete that has no outlet for their energies and education. So you have a high premium on education, and Scott.
exactly with many .
time universities already well fit for hundreds of years. But no, no major outlet for energies in the way the england has.
And that's why there were communities of some expatriate scots, all of england, because that's where they could seek opportunities.
And holland and something like a third of the scotish leader educated later at this period down, that they go abroad as well. Lot of them are very multilingual, so they speak good french and good duck of all things.
But those are the ones you've gone away. But i'm i'm still interested in if if you're going to have Scottish trade, what is IT that the Scott want to trade? What is IT that they're offering the world? And what is that you know that they looking, of course, spices should go all of that good stuff, i'm sure. But what is IT that they .
have to trade for? The concept was entrepreneurship. The model was the duck.
which is going to take.
We see that we go and take the t don't have any natural resources of their own right, they a pottery. And that's about IT. And the Scott saw very much as entrepreneurs, as traders, acquiring goods from the east, in particular spices and so forth, and trading them in exchange for great .
wealth .
in scotland themselves. The warm materials and natural materials were very, very limited as .
more cold industry, that is that clarifies that. okay. So you've got this scheme that is is born, which now has potent barkers, and you've got this army of ambitious and educated people.
Well, they were queuing up outside the company offices to subscribe their money. I think that the seventeen eighteen century is often surrounding worth hysteria. A, you know, we look at the tulip history example of south sea bubble hir. A history is littered with hysteria as, and I think that the investment in the dwan scheme was all about, you know, keeping up with the Jones is, I put money in, you put money in. This is going to produce huge wealth as all, not only self interest in making money, but also a nationalist urge to do something good for scotland.
And I think it's important to note this part that isn't just the rich scots who are pouring in fortunes. This is rather likely in the beginning of a mr. Satcher privatizing british telecom. You get the the very ordinary shopkeepers and the a and the small holders investing their five pounds or the Bobby and groups and Marks.
But isn't IT we have stable hand who might have had a couple of quit touch away, who would go invest ted? Anyone could make IT. Anyone could be part of this big dream.
fascinating. We need to take a break. So half of the national capital that is available is invested in this scheme, which is an eye watering amount for a country of modest means. Join us after the break where we see whether that money is put to good use.
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Welcome back. So the year is sixteen ninety eight is a lovely Scottish summer day in july, less likely to be ready than than almost than the other months of the, and five ships are bobbing around. Presume ly, the port of leaf about court.
Is that right in d, they are. And so in lease harbor, these five ships set off down the first of fourth. And with them they take the hopes and fortunes of scotland.
I have said one of my ancestors was on board one of those ships. And when they got as far as the best rock, he jumped off and swim a show. He realized things were going badly. Rogue at that .
point already said, the best rocks over those you don't know, is an island that is made up of entirely, well, single pool. Find a way of putting that.
yes. okay. So I mean, do you know .
because these five ships that just like the named unit center, Andrew kala dona, those are the big ones of the endeavor and the dolphin, so do you have any letters from your forebear as to why he thought by the bag this was not there? Do you know why?
I don't know the reason, but we do have. The fact that he was very pleased to made IT assure, and all his misgivings, as will safely here in the next few minutes, proved well founded. Yeah, mark, what what began to go home first?
Well, the first problem was they had to sell around scotland because they were leaving from the fourth, not apply.
Yes, you do thought, you do thought they buy to what that out.
So I took them two months to get around scotland. These ships had twelve hundred colonist planters, sailors on board, so even before they got round islands, they had fact on food left and people already dying on board .
of even where.
because the rivalry between .
a and phone calls.
So they they already had death before they even arrived in the western is the captain was a man called penny cook, and he had instructions to go to any land that was not otherwise posted by european nations. But he was also told to go to goldman island and to find a suitable place to establish his colony there. A gold night was, when do you place for the poets in sixteen eighty? So this was all they knew about the geography.
This was eighteen years the.
And his fundamental mistake was he saw this amazing bay in front of him, now known as print, ego says, or portrait says. And he said, this is the place. And he described the number of holding a thousand ships.
But the problem with this particular bay was too fold, one of which I was pointing directly the prevAiling wind direction. And so you could actually get out in a school sale ship. The second day was a rock or two reefs in the middle of this bay, which meant you couldn't tack out of IT easily. And the third is the look like water, the place they wanted to settle. All quite .
problems. I like you, problematical. I mean.
what the last one, the most fundamentally issue of real with going to Carry on rating, not realizing that the dry season was about the start in december and they literally ll into this bay and the trap was strong, they couldn't actually get out of IT. So they are stuck there and they couldn't find any alternative location.
Everyone listens to the show regularly with though that i'm very diverse to quoting my simple four bears in this they're everywhere.
mark. They are everywhere. They're absolutely everywhere.
But I think this is a very good opportunity to quote the members of the great jona pool, who in his member, great britain island, describes his bay and he says, on the other side of the harbour there was a mountain a mile high on which they placed to watch house, which, in the verified air of the tropics, gave them an immense range of prospect. To prevent all surprise to this place, IT was observed that the highlander ers often repared to enjoy the cool air and to talk of their friends who they left behind.
Now, just a minute, said, john never went there. what? What the hell is he talking about? He invested, but he was never there to see friends chatting about back.
This was issue that sandal Jackson had with with. So john, do impulse means that no, no, that's certainly grounded always the research.
But let let us were sent home from quite early onion the piece. And so we've got these amazing descriptions of how incredible this place is with the fruits and the friendly natives and hello gold in the in the hills just behind um and this was a place capable of you know mense prosper.
There was even a paper read before the whole society in london and described ing how incredible this place walls as i've gotten honor and I start called new caddo ia, new caledonia. They created A A city called new em. What else like indeed. And they built ourselves a great fortress called a thoughts.
And Andrew, which you excavated bug.
which we excluded. Um so there were some of problems with this a festival and Andrew was on a little punica judges out into this harb. The other side, they couldn't actually establish a battery so they could not actually stopped ships sAiling in on the other side of the reef.
So this presented A A slight issue. They eventually found a water supply, but they could only get to that by boat by running across the harbor and collecting the water from there. There was no water in the place that they establish.
new edinburgh without water.
Ebra was a basically a swamp and indeed a pattipans describe bes this as a two months we laboured here to create new edema um but experience the school mater fools convinced .
our masters to move the settlement into falls and lots of general .
to have defended the postcards from these .
english.
Exactly the same is true of some of the greatest english settings. If you hear the early accounts of the funding of cut cutter, for example, an example hamilton, within a couple of years, says that the men die there like caucuses or sheep and and they thought unknown for a new settlement in the tropics to be a death trap.
Sure, but Normally they think that kills you is a disease, not complete lack of water and complete lack of defenses. I mean, there are there are two added factors of that are going on here that aren't comment that lots of the other places.
I mean, if you get an idea here quite soon, they out there, right about ten people were dying per day. And it's described on flux and fever. Flux is a distance.
malaria. Yellow fever was probably taking them away at that way. So imagine the share of psychological impact, and that is vanishing, lost his own wife and his own servant.
He survived. He was there. You know, he put his mouth for his money was, he was out there.
But, you know, people were dying all around him. They realize that they were under threat from the minister, was an unsuccessful attempt. The small expenditure forces spanish to dislodge them. So they realized they had .
to create a fortification, actually told, sail down the coast and said, hi, yes, this come and have a hague.
And so they built this foot. And this involve constructing a massively deep rock cut ditch through the middle of the coal rock, and to cut off this little peninsula from the main part of the of the main. And you found this too.
And we have let us home describing the incredible hardship a man called captain Thomas drummed for be another one of um a drove for poor colonist into massive hunger. Um and first, in constructing this enormous fortification, very primitive tools. In fact, we found many other tools. We found the hatchets .
and the cheers. But to get this would have be no different from finding something on the, or any, the other carabi. All of them had very.
absolutely ten percent of colonies ever survived. But the .
distinguishing things, so a lots of ones around this time, driven on religious for persecution, trying to find a safe. There is no, no other alternative. This one is just entirely trade.
We want to make money for scotland. So I wonder if people sort of, you know, losing heart very quickly, because there's no god to go them, if you like. And you get that sense as well.
Yeah, first a short time. They rived in november and moral collapse by about january, february, and they left by April. So there are there four months and they realized everyone dying um that this was a completely mad idea and the upstairs and and left and effectively you know patterson an was heart broken about the failure of his scheme but he agrees to leave to he .
isn't that he is fighting to stay on and just just one more month there's one of that going on.
His morale and I think the morale of the colonists at this point is completely broken. Have they arrived in them on soon? I mean, what's the kind of weather conditions? The dry season is between january and April.
So I think two reasons why they left, one of which was that the rains have started in a problem. This is a very wet place, is five metres of rain a year. So like sterols every day henders. But secondly, theyd learn news of governor beston, who, a governor, jamaica's proclamation that no ship was going to trade with the scots.
just typical of the english, typically generated .
by the english of lives, the lopping of of these in this company and the program tion that they had no hope of flourishing as a trading. Collins.
this is like the tom holda character in the, in parts, the Carry. That's right. The weekend is india company commander in jamaica.
that's right. And of course, you know, america, the american colonies were one obvious trading partners, but they were forbidden to trade with them as well. So I think a combination of the torrential rain and news of this progne realized that the trading idea behind this was a complete non data.
And also, did they not have you, the british crowd itself, declaring them to be a row state, and this to be a rogue plan? And no one should help unless you want, you know, england to be angry with you. But that doesn't help. You know, nobody's gna come and help them with the english crown is not happy, is not amused to by any of this. So I actually wobegon anyone who comes to the aid of these poor people.
That's absolute the case. And I think we should also point out that they have no food left by this point.
There's not sort of fruit trees and sort of wild mangoes sort of growing up this pickle.
not really. And they bought no seat or very small seeds or had no idea what would actually grow in .
these tropical soil.
could grow OS. And the indians, who were very friendly and saw the Scotts is useful allies against the they're fight against a spanish. Of course, we're quite small scale and really couldn't support a thousand people by any means.
And so. They shared some of their food. They themselves rapidly run out. So this presented a massive problem for those got to have no food to enter. Rain does no prospect trade, so decide to get the hell out.
Others come after. I mean, did they not hear did they not hear the news that this was actually .
quite a nightman? So unica was somewhat limited. So there was a second expedition that set out to bring food, and we supply the colony. And two ships had set out from from these already with these new provisions. And they arrived again.
still burning the cloud in glasses and say, all the.
And they arrived in the harbour and just found what they just tried as the burnt out remains of all hats, and so full. So they asserted anchor work yet what they should do with their supplies. And meanwhile, a Cooper went down into the hole with a candle to look at the leaking bail, and the candle fall over, and the bRandy was ignited, and the ship then burned completely to the waterline.
It's all the other brunch. And we discovered remained to the olive branch in the harper, where was a tanker. And so the other ship just optics and went back, realizing its mission, the main supply ship had burned out and there was nothing to do but go home again.
Tragic story. All these brave Scott pioneers. 4a meanwhile.
a third expedition had meanwhile sets out this time um from glass go and this was even Better provision with forty eight hundred colonists and their own and ship, which though they built specifically for the colony rather than just buying second hand ships from the duck and they set out again thinking that they were there to resupply and support a flourishing colony, not to find basically a scotched earth place with nothing left. They arrived in early seventeen hundred, desperate because nothing there for them to do, so they did their best of IT. Maybe the second of the third colony is the most tragic of all because of that of the whole internal discipline rapidly broke down.
You found a dias mark of one of the was in the minister.
Yes, the revert.
Francis bAllen. And he was preaching the testimony at the conditions and eventually got one locked up by.
that's right. And was also a bit of a scale wag there called water hurry, who then wrote a total anounced of the whole, a management of the colony he managed to to escape as well. So we've got this, these very good eyewitness accounts of the horrors of .
that colony. I would spend women and took the entire families with Young children who are often the first to die. These places. Can I also ask you about leave comments? Now tell me about those two words should not be together in my head, but darran puts them together and tell me how that's right.
So, so they came up with an idea that these leather cannons were going to be really much lighter file arms that could be easily transported.
This is another very great Scott, eventually much .
undated by the, I could say, apple, this, that what first stating for is our ology digging the site is all the receipts for everything that was bored in all the expeditions survive intact. So we know absolutely the woolen goods, the buy balls of the leather cannons, the clay pipes, the bRandy, the bees called monkey monkey for trading with the native americans. Everything is documented down to the last trade items, the most amazing insight.
So the scots were Better inventory epes.
And also an invention of cannon, because I I do want to circle back to the level cannon. Everything about idea seems like a bad idea. Just leather, not burn and explode when you got a highly combustion material that is shooting out a massive canon ball. How could these things ever be thought to be used?
So they were very nice. That is the point. This is cutting age. This is experimental stuff, you know, and and they hadn't a lot of experience of colonization.
You can't make a lot without breaking the back. You had to try out, and the idea.
wooden goods to .
the indian, in india, what you thinking?
Onal wool jumpers, just what you need to the pa. isom's.
The other, the other interesting thing, they bought the native. We interested as a toilet .
paper i'm just shaking my head.
Did you dig up early of the .
toilet paper because of toilet paper were brought out the native americans wow.
But before that there is actually .
a siege is ah that's right so one of the heroes, or William of GLK koa manco, captain Alexander.
the campus, we should quickly say that our sister podcast, the rest is politician, is manned by one of these self. Same campus, almost the campus. Whether he's directly worked like I would not .
sure so so I was under cambell arrived. Didn't can we realized that this was a complete disaster area and try to source IT aloud. And he took a bunch of soldiers, or people who are there, who outset my arms, as well as the local indians, and they marked upon the spanish strong hold called tube canty, and proceed IT and manage .
to get the spanish .
to surrender. That's a great atmel was the struck to commemorate this great Scott Victory in the mountains of panel, right? right? But didn't actually help at all.
And the spanish became increasingly convinced that they had to dislodge the scouts and launch several expeditions, one form the caliban itself. And then they were also planning a second exhibition that was going to come from spain if the first expedition to failed. We're talking out a massive combined naval and military Operation.
The naval ships came in. They landed. The dad, this is in April seventeen hundred, the third third. And they presage the colony.
We have a contempt map that shows all of any siege works, and so falls around the colony. And they were lobbing large amounts of arms, of which we found in the excavations. We found large amounts of basketballs that had had impact. And after basically a few days of this, the Scottish decided the game was up and they then, under the terms of surrender, which involved them being told out of their harbor by the spanish because they had to .
be told because they couldn't out themselves.
they were too weak and demoralized and couldn't get out of the harm. And themselves, and this money themselves, are so keen to get shot of them, they didn't want .
them to have to hang around.
so told out, and in no way.
So they limp back .
to scotland. No, no, no, no. Such luck. No.
no. Where did they go? What happens? They go to stand, right?
And king .
of stan harbor, whether is the hurricane?
H, no.
That then effectively strokes the remaining fleet. And q found .
the the diary of the letters of this. This poor minister be locked up in prison for less, reaching too much old brimstone at the kind of this his bible survives in charleton.
That's right, he snipped a shore before the hower construct. So that's why who we have his testiment.
And he was very down on the whole thing by this point.
Or you would be, yeah.
you would be. So he was on the very few survivors of the quality. Only one ship, if all these expeditions, actually, we scotland again. And that was the caledonian, I think, of twelve ships set out, or a shipWright, or lost one for another. Knowing one ever would turn back to scotland .
is the misery of those who ve waived people off and hoping that they will make a best in life for themselves. But there's also going to be an enormous impact on scotland, which has invested so heavily, put everything on red or everything on black, if you like, on the relate table. What what happens as a result of this failed expedition?
This one poor ship limps home and everyone have lost their money.
That's right. It's across societies, not just the people who are very rich. But as we commented, only IT goes right down to the shopkeepers, the stable hands and everybody. So there is an inquiry pattison's hold behold, the the directors had to .
send mix IT back. He's made IT from the first.
expected from the first question. And he is questioned extensively.
Is he a broken man?
By this point, he is a broken man. He's lost family.
The man who came up with the idea, the bank of england this product scheme is now on the kids everyone has gotten.
Hate him last. The woman he laugh lost all the friends made.
And that's right, given the the scale of the hostile towards the english eastern lish ship called the winter a dogs in leaf and the mob as you would capture the captain and his Sally master and he is tried for treason against scotland because of the animosity of the english towards eating this company.
because the english should let the scots just die like like brush shop.
And these two people are actually executed in the two booth in scotland.
M, this is not a good moment for angle Scott .
relationship did not. They do also try to have a little bit of money left in the bank. So they say, well, let's go try the indian ocean.
We, they Carry on being optimistic. And they sent a couple ships into. The indians were basically doing paraca activities. They were july lost.
There's a Scott's parrot colony in media at some point.
That's right. They went part that I just called the speedy gally. I think the ship that they sent out.
the speedy gally.
and I think by seventy, no five, seventy, no four, seventy, no five, the penny had drop that they're lost everything and the scotland was effectively bankrupt.
So this is seventy, no four. This is three years before what we know will be the next stage of the story, the act of union. And this presumedly is the product of a mass demoralization in scotland. The Scott says.
anything we can do this, we need a big brother to look after us.
Yeah, yeah. We can't survive in the world by ourselves. We can't be a new dutch.
But equally, IT also leads to the very popular sort sentiment that the last you want to do is a lie with the english.
yes, but is not an interesting thing that happens in the the english are very canny about this. And they say to the big darran investors that, you know what, if you, if you just come along and back the idea of a union, we will compense you. I mean, there some kind quit pro that goes on.
So that was called the equivalent .
and a the returning.
But if I made well on call, fifteen of the equivalent, this was effectively repaying all the stockholders. No wonder they went for IT. They went for IT. And not only did they repay them of cause the all, some have not been drawn down by the company. So while capitalization was four, five hundred thousand, they only drawn down two hundred and fifty thousand of that money.
So they still money the bank.
But the english either unaware or realized that this was a goodbye. And so they effectively reivers the stock holders, the full sum, the full four hundred thousand pounds, which meant that they received a forty five percent increase in their original investment.
I mean, what strikes me listening to all this is that today we are so in red to the idea of great britain, whether you you like the idea or not, whether the union flag makes your heart pump IT is the reality of the next two hundred years and two world wars effort under this flag. The whole of the british empire is built under this flag. All subsequent history is formed by this union. And yet IT comes out of this ludicrously me, yes, which you have excavated, which is the biggest fiascos ver, that the things. The propellers scots into IT.
Would you say there's a direct correlation that if darran hadn't happened and if so much money hadn't been lost, that the active union may not have happened? And we can play this game, and we play this game. What if? What if? What if IT had worked? Would that happen and that at all? Well.
IT depends. I think Scottish history would say yes. The wood have had to be no scotish stories. Writing in the seven eight said so, played a small part active on that. There are many other reasons why the active union happened and IT wasn't really due to darren.
I think however, the more we understand dian and the consequences of IT, IT really was a critical role in as IT. We're creating that lack of confidence. The decision makers in scotland realize that scotland could not go to alone in the new industrial colony economy of the eighteen th century. So if IT hadn't happened seventy thousand seven, IT would have happened in seventeen .
or and what happened subsequent. Of course, the scots are offered as part of the terms of the activity on direct access and privileged access to the eastern day company in particular, and some of the signature of the active union are given the powers of patronage, to a point, their neighbors and their friends and their children and their grandchildren into the east and india company. And very quickly, within twenty or thirty years, you find the scots proportionally heavily outnumbering the english in this most successful, although most ruthless, of colonies.
Listen, markets find an upset to light. Or can you all to see such a period history people know nothing about?
And thank you for digit up for finish.
Of course.
always I think we should, as were not dish William partisan too much.
is a visionary scheme.
In many ways, IT was a visionary scheme. Effectively, he saw the way we could bring all the wealth of the indo china, southeast asia to cross ss, the pacifi C2Cross the pan el sta mas, rather than do the long way .
rap where the panel can, will be built in centuries to come.
yeah. And the exact point is the panama can now, of course, achieve that dream of pattison an in the early twenty century.
yeah. Okay, no, look, are given that, are given that, but also don't take really jumpers to a hot country and maybe takes some sea and maybe .
check that there's some .
water take can can I mean, I see your point and I will get in the respect for that because you're quite right. That is a visionary explication per say. But IT just the way IT went about. Sounds to be .
slightly buffalo does petition dying poverty and depression? Yes.
he buried in sweet heart, amy, in the free and an unmarked grave.
I will. He doesn't do too bad at the end. That is one of the pretty est Davis scotland. Robert the Bruce heart is also Better there.
That's right. Says a little black on the wall that says William Petersen, pioneer of the Darwin scheme.
lies buried in unknown .
come back.
bursting with amazing stories. I mean, I could just get like i'm not in our college, but I I scratch your surface. I think lots of treasures will fall out, mark, that's my feeling.
We need to hear mark about your .
excavations of the american, which we've .
got a top to .
in moscow and you sent me over that twenty years, wonderful. The site.
I'll let s and people catch up. But look if if you want to hear the next episode of actually what happens after this, this disastrous economic hit, the term takes place, and why the act of union happens and why scotland loses her independence, that's going to be our next despite of empire. If you are a member of our club, you can hear IT right now and member of the club, you know what you've done and what other people have to do.
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I till the next time we think it's goodyer for me and .
on a oodbms e for me, William, the.