cover of episode World War I | "Heaven, Hell, or Hoboken" | 5

World War I | "Heaven, Hell, or Hoboken" | 5

2024/5/1
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American History Tellers
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Christopher Capozzola
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Lindsey Graham
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Christopher Capozzola: 本文详细阐述了一战期间美国军队的快速扩张和动员过程，以及由此带来的社会影响。从1914年美国军队规模很小，主要任务是维护国家利益，到1917年参战后，美国通过征兵制和志愿者招募迅速扩充军队规模，并建立了遍布全国的训练营。训练营的条件简陋，许多士兵甚至使用木制步枪进行训练。征兵制在社会上引起了争议，一部分人反对，一部分人支持。逃兵和拒服兵役者不受欢迎，但良心拒服兵役者在法律上得到了承认。政府通过宣传来鼓励民众参军。非裔美国士兵在军队中也发挥了重要作用，但他们面临着种族隔离和歧视。在欧洲战场上，美国军队最初主要用于提升盟军士气，直到一年后才对战争结果产生重大影响。默兹-阿贡攻势是战争中规模最大的一次进攻，美国军队发挥了关键作用。文中还讲述了“迷失营”的故事，展现了士兵们的勇气和韧性。战争结束后，美国军队的规模和结构都发生了变化，其全球作战能力的理念得以保留。 Lindsey Graham: 作为访谈主持人，Lindsey Graham 主要负责引导访谈话题，提出问题，并对访谈内容进行总结。她引导Christopher Capozzola 详细讲述了美国在一战中的军事动员、士兵训练、社会反应、非裔美国士兵的经历、以及主要战役等方面的情况，并对一战对美国社会的影响进行了总结。

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After the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, America scrambled to assemble boot camps across the country to train a fighting force to send to Europe. The training was fast, with recruits using old weapons, and sometimes even broomsticks as rifles. The new soldiers then embarked from Hoboken, New Jersey, on a trip across the Atlantic to bolster exhausted French and British forces. Today, Lindsay is joined by Christopher Capozzola, author and professor of history at MIT, to discuss what recruits went through as they prepared for war. His book is called Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen).

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