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The Economy Is at a Hinge Moment

2024/10/4
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The Ezra Klein Show

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The Federal Reserve's recent interest rate cut signals a shift in focus from inflation to unemployment. While some indicators suggest a strong economy, the rising unemployment rate raises concerns. The episode discusses the effectiveness of the Fed's response to the inflation crisis, including the debate between "Team Transitory" and those who predicted a more persistent problem.
  • The Fed recently cut interest rates by half a percentage point.
  • Inflation has decreased significantly, while unemployment has risen.
  • The labor market has loosened primarily due to a decrease in job openings, not a substantial rise in unemployment.
  • Well-anchored inflation expectations played a crucial role in bringing inflation down without drastic measures.

Shownotes Transcript

The economy has hit a hinge moment. For the past few years, inflation has been the big economic story — the fixation of economic policymakers, journalists and almost everyone who goes to the grocery store. But economists now largely see inflation as tamed. It’s still a major political issue; the country continues to reel from years of rising prices, and there is a real affordability crisis. But that isn’t all the next administration will have to deal with. So what does it mean to fight the next economic war rather than the last one?

Jason Furman is an economics professor at Harvard and a former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under Barack Obama. Furman has closely tracked the inflation crisis over the past few years, and he’s deeply knowledgeable about how economic policy is made.

In this conversation, we discuss why the inflation crisis upended the expectations of so many economists and what we’ve learned for the next time inflation strikes, what he expects to see with mortgage rates and the housing market, the upcoming fight over Donald Trump’s expiring tax cuts, the good and the bad in Kamala Harris’s housing policy and why there seems to be so little concern from either party about the ever-growing U.S. debt.

Mentioned:

The Economic Theory Behind JD Vance’s Populism)” with Oren Cass on The Ezra Klein Show

Trump’s Most Misunderstood Policy Proposal)” by Oren Cass

In Defense of the Dismal Science)” by Jason Furman

Book Recommendations:

How the World Became Rich) by Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin

The Goodness Paradox) by Richard Wrangham

The Ladies’ Paradise) by Émile Zola

Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at [email protected].

You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast). Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs).

This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, with Kate Sinclair. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Isaac Jones, Efim Shapiro and Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Tyler Cowen, Veronique de Rugy, Desmond Lachman, Lindsay Owens, Nathan Tankus, Isabella Weber and Sonia Herrero.

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