cover of episode The Science & Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

The Science & Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

2022/7/25
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Huberman Lab

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A
Andrew Huberman
是一位专注于神经科学、学习和健康的斯坦福大学教授和播客主持人。
Topics
本期播客深入探讨了双相情感障碍(也称为双相抑郁症)的生物学、症状、病因和类型,以及各种治疗方法。双相情感障碍患者的情绪、能量和感知会发生剧烈变化,这些变化并非适应性的,反而会造成严重损害,包括高达20-30倍的自杀风险。本期播客还讨论了导致这些变化的生物学机制,以及各种治疗方法,包括锂治疗及其作用机制。锂的发现是一个奇迹般的故事,它在治疗双相情感障碍方面取得了显著成功,但其发现早于对该疾病生物学基础的理解。锂的作用机制包括增加BDNF、抗炎和神经保护作用,这有助于保护神经元免受过度活跃引起的神经毒性损伤。双相情感障碍患者存在内感受能力下降和顶叶与边缘系统之间连接减少的问题,这可能是由于某些脑区过度活跃导致的神经毒性损伤。药物治疗通常是双相情感障碍的主要治疗方法,而心理治疗则作为辅助手段。认知行为疗法、家庭焦点疗法和人际和社会节律疗法是常用的心理治疗方法,通常与药物治疗结合使用。此外,还讨论了其他治疗方法,例如电休克疗法(ECT)、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)和补充剂(如肌醇和ω-3脂肪酸)。虽然生活方式干预措施对双相情感障碍患者有益,但它们不能替代药物治疗。躁狂症与创造力之间存在关联,某些职业(如诗人、小说家、艺术家)从业者患有双相情感障碍的比例较高。但双相情感障碍仍然是一种严重的疾病,需要专业的治疗。

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Chapters
This chapter delves into the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I disorder, focusing on the defining characteristic of manic episodes lasting seven days or more. It details the key symptoms that must be present for diagnosis, including distractibility, impulsivity, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, sleep disturbances, and rapid pressured speech. The crucial role of the psychiatrist in differentiating these manic episodes from those caused by other conditions is also highlighted.
  • Diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I include manic episodes lasting seven days or more.
  • At least three of seven symptom categories must be present for diagnosis.
  • The psychiatrist must rule out other causes for manic episodes (e.g., TBI, drugs).
  • Individual variability in symptom presentation exists.

Shownotes Transcript

In this episode, I explain the biology, symptoms, causes and types of bipolar disorder (sometimes called bipolar depression). I discuss neuroplasticity and how the brain normally regulates mood, energy, and perceptions; then, I contrast that with the biology of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by extremes of energy and mood, e.g., mania and depression. I outline the mechanisms through which bipolar disorder manifests in the brain, including deficits of interoception and reduced connections between the parietal and limbic systems. I also outline how treatment options (such as lithium) work in part through homeostatic plasticity.’ I discuss not only lithium but also the treatment of bipolar with ketamine, different talk therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and nutraceuticals, including Omega-3 and Inositol supplementation. This episode should interest anyone who has or knows someone with bipolar disorder and, more broadly, those interested in how the brain works to create a balance between thoughts, energy levels, focus, and mood.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com).

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Bipolar Disorder

(00:03:42) Tool: Appetite Suppression & GLP-1, Parallel Pathways, Yerba Mate

(00:9:19) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT

(00:14:24) Prevalence & Severity of Bipolar Disorder

(00:16:30) Bipolar Disorder I, Diagnostic Criteria of Mania

(00:28:58) Bipolar Disorder II, Individual Variability

(00:33:07) Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II: Manic, Depressive & Symptom-Free States

(00:38:20) Consequences of Bipolar Disorder, Heritability

(00:46:53) Bipolar Disorder vs. Borderline Personality Disorder

(00:51:51) Mania & Depression, Negative Impacts

(00:53:06) History of Lithium Treatment

(01:02:44) Lithium Treatment & Side-Effects

(01:05:05) Effects of Lithium: BDNF, Anti-inflammatory & Neuroprotection

(01:10:10) Neural Circuits of Bipolar Disorder, Interoception, Hyper- vs. Hypoactivity

(01:17:11) Neural States & Mania, Parietal Lobe & Limbic System

(01:22:58) Homeostatic Plasticity, Synaptic Scaling, Lithium & Ketamine

(01:36:00) Talk Therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family-Focused Therapy, Interpersonal & Social Rhythm Therapy

(01:43:18) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

(01:48:01) Psylocibin, Cannabis

(01:51:50) Lifestyle Support, Supplements: Inositol & Omega-3 Fatty Acids

(02:03:31) Omega-3s, Membrane Fluidity & Neuroplasticity

(02:06:44) Mania, Creativity & Occupations

(02:15:33) Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis, Neural Circuits & Treatment

(02:17:45) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac)

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