Deep Dive
Why do people in places with extreme winters, like Norway, have more positive attitudes towards winter compared to those in milder climates like New Jersey?
In extreme winter climates, people have no choice but to adapt to the season, which is seen as healthy and useful. They adjust their behavior and lifestyle to align with the season, unlike in milder climates where winter is often seen as a burden rather than an opportunity for adaptation.
What is the natural behavior of living beings during winter, and why do humans often ignore this pattern?
During winter, plants and animals typically hibernate, migrate, or slow down to conserve energy. Humans, however, are often convinced by modern society that wanting to slow down in winter is a personal or moral failure, rather than a natural response to the season.
How can changing one's mindset about winter improve the overall winter experience?
Adopting a positive mindset about winter makes people more likely to notice and focus on enjoyable aspects of the season, such as cozy activities, beautiful indirect light, and refreshing walks. This shift in focus can enhance mood, motivation, and overall well-being.
What practical steps can someone take to prepare for winter and make it more enjoyable?
Preparing for winter involves setting up the home with cozy elements like candles, thick curtains, flannel sheets, and warm clothing. It also includes stocking up on comforting foods like tea and hot chocolate, and making a list of things to look forward to during the season.
What is the concept of 'friluftsliv' and how can it be applied to winter?
'Friluftsliv' is a Norwegian principle that translates to 'open air life,' emphasizing the freedom of enjoying nature outdoors. In winter, this can be practiced by bundling up properly, going for walks, or engaging in activities like winter picnics or awe walks to appreciate the season's unique beauty.
How does the darkness of winter offer unique opportunities for personal growth and creativity?
The darkness of winter can create a cozy, intimate atmosphere that enhances creativity and reduces inhibitions. It provides an opportunity to focus on rest, slow hobbies, and personal projects, such as writing a book or learning a new skill, without the distractions of summer.
What is the significance of 'Big Light Off' in winter, and how does it contribute to a positive winter experience?
'Big Light Off' involves minimizing overhead lights and using lamps, candles, or twinkly lights to create a cozy, intimate atmosphere. This practice embraces the darkness of winter, making it feel friendly and facilitating rest, creativity, and deeper connections with others.
How can embracing winter's natural rhythm of rest and slow living benefit people in the long term?
Embracing winter's natural rhythm of rest and slow living can help people develop resilience for other difficult times in life, such as illness or grief. By practicing seasonal slowing down, individuals can better handle forced slowdowns when they occur, making them more adaptable and balanced.
Shownotes Transcript
You're listening to Life Kit from NPR. Hey everybody, it's Marielle.
You know, I feel like certain months and seasons just have a really good marketing team. Like, everybody loves fall. The colored leaves, the pumpkin spice, everything. The magic of Halloween. And my god, the way people talk about summer as if it's just a string of perfect days we spend basking in the sunshine, eating popsicles, going to the beach with friends. The truth is, every season comes with its own indignities. Like,
Like the amount of time I've spent standing on a subway platform in 95 degree heat, sweating bullets and scratching my mosquito bites while I wait for the train. But we ignore all that, choosing to think of some seasons as this romantic ideal. And then we don't extend the same courtesy to winter.
especially January and February. When we imagine winter, we imagine it based on its worst day. So we imagine the coldest, wettest, windiest, darkest day, even when that day is not the norm. Carrie Leibowitz grew up on the Jersey Shore. It's a summer destination. And she says on the Jersey Shore, everybody knows winter sucks.
It is this cultural knowing and it's such an ingrained knowing that it doesn't feel like an opinion. It feels like a fact, right? Like the fact is winter is depressing. Winter is bad for your physical and mental health and well-being. End of story.
And then right after college, before she got her Ph.D. in psychology, Carrie was looking for some research experience. She started talking to a professor who studies human happiness in a city called Tromsø in Norway. It's about 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle. And every year it goes through something called the polar night, about two months of darkness, where the sun doesn't rise above the horizon. And so with my Jersey Shore perspective about winter, I was like, oh...
People there must be really depressed so we can study, you know, seasonal affective disorder. We can study winter depression and do some sort of research on that. That turned out to be totally wrong. The research does not show high rates of seasonal affective disorder in Tromsø. So Carrie got a Fulbright scholarship, went to Norway, and studied that. This is a place with a really extreme winter that's very long and very dark and very cold.
How is it that they're not depressed when I feel like winter in New Jersey is depressing?
Since then, Keri's research has taken her all over the world to places that have long, cold winters. Copenhagen, Reykjavik, the Isle of Lewis in Scotland, Yamagata, Japan. And she wrote a book called How to Winter. Harness your mindset to thrive on cold, dark, or difficult days. It's filled with something we love here at Life Kit, practical tips. In this episode, I talk to Keri about what we can do to prepare for winter, enjoy it, and really give it a fair shake. ♪
Because, yeah, it can be cold and uncomfortable and dark. And it can be cozy and magical and refreshing. And what we sort of orient to and highlight and talk about makes it more real for us. As always, it's up to you what you focus on.
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Carrie, you've done research in a bunch of places that have long, cold winters, but where people also seem to have more positive attitudes towards winter than you've seen on the Jersey Shore or in the States. Why do you think that is?
Well, I think there's a lot of reasons. I think one is if you live somewhere where the winter is really extreme, right? So if you're in the Nordics, right? I'm thinking Denmark and Finland and Norway and Iceland, you know, all of which are places that I went as part of researching my book.
You have no choice but to adapt to the winter, right? When you have such an extreme change between seasons, especially from light to dark, summer to winter, it's obvious that you need to adjust your behavior and adapt the way that you're living according to what season it is. And I actually think that this adaptation is
is really healthy and really useful.
Yeah, and to take this even a step further, you talk in the book about how the natural world behaves during winter, that basically it's a time for slowing down, for rest, for recuperation and reflection, and that, you know, animals will hibernate or they'll go into, is it torpor? Torpor, yeah. A hibernation-like state associated with decreased heart rate and metabolism, which allows animals to exist in a near coma for hours, days, or weeks at a time.
But yet we as humans don't think that those patterns apply to us. Yeah. It's so funny because like I have friends who know what I study and, you know, after the clocks change and, you know, the second or third week of November, they'll say things to me like, oh, I've just been so tired lately. I don't know what's wrong with me. And I'm like, there's nothing wrong with you. You're a living being on a planet with a climate, you know? And if you look at
Every other living thing on earth, plant or animal, they are all changing their behavior in winter in some way, right? They're either migrating or hibernating or they're slowing down. They're shedding their leaves. They're storing up their energy for spring. And yet I think our sort of
Modern societies and modern conveniences have convinced us that it's a personal or moral failure if we want to slow down in the winter, if we feel less able to maintain the same schedule 365 days a year.
So takeaway one, acknowledge winter for what it is, at least in the natural world, a time to rest, to restore, and to move slower. Stop trying to fight it and allow yourself to hibernate. Some suggestions from the book, if you don't currently observe the Sabbath, setting aside one day to rest, do that in winter, one day a week. You set the terms. It could be no email, no phones, no logistics, discussions, whatever you want. If you don't currently observe the Sabbath, setting aside one day to rest, do that in winter, one day a week.
You could also take a family nap where you stay in your PJs, make a pillow fort, watch movies, and embrace the slumber party vibes for a day. And let yourself take longer with everyday tasks, slower meals, slower walks, longer bath times. I mean, seriously, where are you going anyway? It's freezing outside. One of the things I like about the book is that it blends your research with really practical suggestions for how people can reconsider winter.
One that you have as a start is when winter begins, get ready, right? Set your house up, make a list of five things that you're looking forward to about the season. What would be on your list? So on my list is always to first break out the candles that I put away in the summer. Lighting candles, it's such a cliche winter advice, right? Like it's almost...
It sounds so fluffy and meaningless, but I really think when you light candles with the intention of embracing and celebrating the darkness, it actually has a profound impact on your experience and changes the meaning of winter darkness.
This is Takeaway 2, Get Ready for Winter. The season is transitioning, and so should you. This is the time to bring your winter clothes to the front of your closet. All those cozy sweaters and fuzzy socks. Also break out the candles and the string lights. Stock up on tea and hot chocolate. Make a soup the first day the temperature drops. Get out the thick curtains and flannel sheets. Basically prepare your nest. ♪
I also really like to change my diet seasonally as much as I can. So I switch from, you know, a cold breakfast in the summer to a warm breakfast in the winter. And I switch from iced coffee to hot coffee or tea that I drink all day long. So all of these things are sort of
They're very practical and they help me have the physical things that I need to be comfortable in the winter. And it also sort of gets me into winter mode. They reorient my attention from the negative things about the cold and the dark and the wet to the things that I enjoy when the temperature drops and it's raining out all the time.
Yeah. Yeah. I mean, you talk in the book about how research shows that the details we pay attention to about winter and how we describe the season to other people can change our experience entirely. Yes. And there's so much research that shows that our mindsets matter, that our mindsets impact ourselves.
our physical functioning, our emotional well-being, how we move throughout the world, our physiology. And a lot of the times I think these things get presented as if they're magic, right? Like I adopt the mindset that winter is wonderful. And then magically, all of a sudden, like I feel better and I'm happier and I'm healthier and I'm better looking and like, you know, all of these things.
But really, when you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things that you enjoy about the season, right? The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel really refreshed and you come in and you sort of feel awake but calm and ready for bed or the way that, you know, the sort of
indirect light of winter is really beautiful and it's actually extremely well suited for cozy activities like, you know, reading or doing art or baking or writing or whatever creative pursuits you enjoy.
Takeaway three, notice the good things about winter. Do you want to live in a frozen hellscape or a winter wonderland? It's kind of up to you. When you have negative thoughts about winter, ask yourself if you're exaggerating at all and if noticing the positive could help. Take a photo every day of something that brings you winter-related delight. Notice how nature looks different in the winter and what you like about it. Maybe you love the smell of the rain or the way the snow crunches when you walk on it.
Maybe you love the very particular blue color of the winter sky at dusk. Maybe when you walk out of a snowstorm into a restaurant, instead of saying, it's so gross out there, you can say, it's so cozy in here. Those little things then influence your mood. They influence your emotions and how you're feeling on a daily basis. They also then influence your motivation, right? How likely are you to actually go outside and go for a walk even if you're not in a
even if it's cold or drizzly. And then if you're more likely to go outside and be walking, we know that movement and fresh air and contact with nature are all natural antidepressants and mood boosters, and of course are good for your physical health as well. Yeah, and one way to do that, right, one way to reinforce this is to consider how we talk about winter. Yeah, I think when we say things out loud...
It makes them real. It directs our attention. It directs other people's attention. And it reinforces these narratives that we have about everything. Yeah, let's talk about getting outside in the winter. Let's. What do you need to make it enjoyable? And what can you do when you're outside to really lean into it?
So in Scandinavia, in Norway, they have this saying, there's no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothing. And I really learned how to dress for the winter when I was living in Norway. And now even when I'm home in New Jersey, I'm going to be wearing my leggings underneath my jeans. I'm going to be wearing layers on my top. I'm going to be wearing waterproof outer shell, waterproof boots. You know, you want to be warm enough.
And I think that this is another place where living somewhere that is relatively mild in the winter does us a disservice because you think that you don't need it, but actually it still makes a big difference.
Takeaway four, bundle up properly and get outside. In the book, Carrie talks about the Norwegian principle of friluftsliv. It translates to open air life. But she says, really, it's about finding freedom in an open air life. We can do that in winter by continuing to enjoy nature and move around outside, even when it's cold. She suggests an awe walk, where you can enjoy nature and move around outside.
where you allow yourself to feel awe or wonder and look at whatever it is, the trees, shops on your street, the snowy hill with fresh eyes.
If this is new for you, start small. Just take a walk around your neighborhood, bring a thermos of tea or coffee, go for 15 or 20 minutes, see how it feels. If there's a place that you like to walk in other seasons, so a park or by a river or by the beach, try going in the winter and experiencing it outside.
at that time of year, right? What looks different? What sounds different? What smells different? Yeah, you even say in the book, like you can reclaim a summer love. So whether that's walking on the beach or even, you know, I was thinking about having a winter picnic at the park.
This is something that they do in Scandinavia and they really have the infrastructure for it. So if there's any parks near you that have fire pits or charcoal grills where you can really gather around and barbecue and eat hot foods and drink beverages, this is a very Scandinavian pastime is to go out, bundle your winter layers,
cook some hot dogs on the grill, drink some hot chocolate, be out for a few hours and really enjoy the cold winter weather. Yeah. You know, I actually like sometimes the harshness too of the cold air on my face, especially if I'm going for a moody walk where I'm listening to kind of sad or angry or intense music.
And then the cold air just heightens it, right? Like I'm really – I'm in a vibe. It's totally a vibe and I think it's that – it's a freshness, you know? And it also like – it makes you feel a little bit tough and I – I don't know. I feel a little bit more equipped to –
tackle other things in my life and I feel like it sort of raises my confidence it helps us see that we don't have to be limited by winter because we can get out and enjoy ourselves okay so now let's bring it back inside okay um tell me about the concept of big light off
So Big Light Off is something that my husband and I talk about. I mean, it's not a totally original idea, but, you know, we've given it our own special name of Big Light Off, which is no big overhead lights on TV.
In the darkness of winter especially. And this is something that you'll see throughout Scandinavia. They love lamps and candles and soft light. And I think the thing about using little lights. So lamps or twinkly lights or candles. Is that the darkness is sort of friendly. And there's not such a big contrast with the outside. And I think...
For me, this concept of big light off is really about working with the darkness, right? What is the vibe that you can create in winter because the sun sets earlier? How can you have this sort of moody, cozy atmosphere? It can feel very intimate. It's sort of like- Romantic. It's romantic. The conversations are different. I think people-
open up differently. There's some research showing that darkness enhances creativity because it sort of gets rid of our usual inhibitions and constraints. And so that can be really special to winter.
Takeaway five, accept the darkness. Allow the darkness. Become one with the darkness and think about what the darkness is facilitating for you, whether that's rest or the time and mental space to finally write that book or learn woodworking or reconnect with your partner. It feels like winter and it getting darker earlier is
is giving me the opportunity to do simpler things and have them be enough. Like, it doesn't have to be a really elaborate activity. It doesn't even have to be outside of my house. It's almost like permission to rest and permission to just do slow hobbies. Yes, and I think...
Our default when we struggle with winter is focusing on the things that we can't do or the things that feel harder in winter or in the darkness. But I think the corollary to that is this idea that there's more space for other things. Right?
Right. Reading that stack of books or, you know, watching all the TV shows on your list or knitting or doing watercolor or baking or cooking elaborate dinners or whatever it is. And I think what you talk about of permission is really valuable. This permission to slow down, this permission to do less, this permission to live in a different way that feels more aligned with the season, right?
That permission is, I think, the difference between I'm staying home because I'm depressed and I'm staying home because this is my time of year to slow down.
Yeah. You know, it's funny. Yesterday, I got my comforter out of the dryer and I just disappeared into it. I took it out of the laundry basket on the couch and I just like wrapped it all around me like I was like a little pill bug or something. Yeah. Yeah. Burrito. And it was awful.
The best. It was just like, I was like giggling to myself inside of this comforter. Like I spent a good five minutes just inside the comforter vibing. Yeah. And I think winter is a chance to reconnect with those sort of
Small pleasures, those little cozy delights, right? If you can spend five minutes giggling because you're wrapped up like a pill bug in the comforter from the dryer, right?
You're going to have a good life. And it's something you can bring with you into the rest of the year because, you know, in the summer, it's easy to get distracted by everything that's available to you. But sometimes the greatest pleasure is just like having a really ripe peach, you know. Totally. I also think that there are practices that help us in all ways.
seasons of life and in all difficult times, right? We're all at some point in our lives going to be sick, going to be grieving, where we're going to have a forced slowdown. And so if you've practiced that seasonally every year, maybe you're better able to meet that head on and take that slow season that you need when it arrives. Yeah. Yeah.
Well, Carrie, thank you so much. I got a lot out of the book. I really am excited to do some of this stuff this winter. Thank you. I mean, it was really fun getting to talk with you about it. All right. Time for a recap. Takeaway one. Acknowledge winter for what it is, at least in the natural world, a time to rest and restore and move slower. Stop trying to fight it and allow yourself to hibernate.
Takeaway two, prepare for winter. Bring out the flannel sheets and the big comforters and wool sweaters. Stock up on tea and candles and whatever makes you feel cozy. Takeaway three, notice the good things about winter. Take photos of things that bring you winter-related joy. Notice how nature looks different in the winter and what you like about it. Be specific.
Takeaway four, bundle up and get yourself outside. Go on a bike ride or an awe walk. Reclaim an activity that you love to do during the summer, but winterize it.
And take away five, become one with the darkness and acknowledge the many opportunities it brings. For more Life Kit, check out our other episodes. There's one about how to exercise in the cold and another about how to find a hobby. You can find those at npr.org slash life kit. And if you love Life Kit and want even more, subscribe to our newsletter at npr.org slash life kit newsletter.
Also, we love hearing from you. So if you have episode ideas or feedback you want to share, email us at lifekit at npr.org. This episode of Life Kit was produced by Bria Suggs. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan and our digital editor is Malika Gharib. Megan Cain is our supervising editor and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tegel, Claire Marie Schneider, Margaret Serino, and Sylvie Douglas. Engineering support comes from Carly Strange and David Greenberg. I'm Mariel Segarra. Thanks for listening.