cover of episode [GLOBAL SOUTH] China, Indonesia and the Great Power Competition for Transition Minerals

[GLOBAL SOUTH] China, Indonesia and the Great Power Competition for Transition Minerals

2024/11/26
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Eric Olander
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Giro Nima
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Putra Adhiguna
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Eric Olander: 本期节目讨论了美国《通胀削减法案》、特朗普政府上台以及印尼镍产业面临的挑战。法案旨在限制中国在电池供应链中的作用,而印尼作为全球最大的镍储量国,其镍产业发展与中美大国竞争密切相关。 Giro Nima: 当前关键矿产价格低迷,这使得美国等西方国家难以挑战中国在镍、铜和钴等关键矿产上的主导地位。许多西方公司为了降低成本和风险,不得不依赖中国企业。此外,西方国家在环保、成本和当地社会组织的反对等方面也面临挑战。 Putra Adhiguna: 印度尼西亚禁止镍矿石出口的政策促进了冶炼厂的快速发展,但也导致了环境和劳工标准的下降。印尼政府未能有效执行安全法规,导致冶炼厂发生爆炸事故。提高印尼镍产业治理水平需要消费者、政府和企业共同努力,加强监管和提高标准。印尼需要重新评估其镍产业的未来发展战略,并考虑不锈钢等其他应用领域,加强与其他国家的合作。 Eric Olander: 本期节目还讨论了美国《通胀削减法案》中“受关注的外国实体”(FEOC)的定义变化,以及中国在关键矿产供应链中的重要作用。美国公司需要在遵守法案规定的同时,平衡自身利益与中国在供应链中的重要性。

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U.S. President-elect Donald Trump is not a fan of the Biden administration's climate legislation known as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), describing it as a "green scam." Trump has promised to repeal it, which will undoubtedly be welcome news in Indonesia.

Indonesia is home to the world's largest nickel reserves, a critical ingredient for manufacturing EV batteries. But the IRA aims to limit China's role in the battery supply chain, presenting a huge headache for Indonesian nickel suppliers given the outsized role that Chinese smelters play in the country's mining sector.

Putra Adhiguna, managing director at the Energy Shift Institute, an independent non-profit energy finance think tank in Jakarta, joins Eric to discuss Indonesia's uncomfortable position squeezed between China and the U.S. in the race to dominate transition mineral supply chains.

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