cover of episode The SEC Thinks Crypto Airdrops Are Securities. Here's Why This Lawyer Thinks It's Wrong - Ep. 707

The SEC Thinks Crypto Airdrops Are Securities. Here's Why This Lawyer Thinks It's Wrong - Ep. 707

2024/9/20
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我作为DeFi Education Fund的首席法务官Amanda Tuminelli,认为SEC关于加密空投的立场是错误的。SEC认为,即使是免费的空投,如果代币创建者要求用户采取某些行动(例如在社交媒体上推广),也构成证券发行,因为这被视为一种补偿,满足了Howey测试中对“投资金钱”的要求。但我认为Howey测试中的“投资金钱”指的是实际的金钱投资,而不是时间或精力的投入。SEC将任何形式的服务作为对代币的回应都视为补偿,这是不合理的。在BEBA案中,我们起诉SEC,认为BEBA的免费空投不构成证券发行,BEBA代币本身也不是证券。虽然SEC的立场看似清晰,但它多年来一直没有改变,这恰恰证明了其观点的错误。许多项目已经限制美国用户参与空投,但用户很容易绕过这些限制。这反映出项目方难以确定实际的法律和法规。如果空投不被接受,项目方可能会转移到美国以外的地区,美国用户可能需要在境外购买代币才能参与。SEC最近改变了其关于“加密资产证券”的措辞,这表明他们在诉讼策略上做出了调整。他们过去认为代币本身就是证券,但由于在诉讼中屡屡败诉,他们现在声称代币本身并非证券,而是与其他权利和义务捆绑在一起,整体构成投资合同。这实际上是“体现理论”,即代币体现了投资合同。我认为SEC的行为更像是一个对抗性的诉讼方,而不是一个客观中立的监管机构。在即将到来的国会听证会上,国会应该要求SEC明确定义加密资产证券,并说明哪些实体需要向SEC注册以及如何注册。第一次国会听证会对DeFi的关注度很高,但同时也存在对DeFi与犯罪活动关联的担忧。无论谁当选总统,明年都可能会有市场结构立法,这将对加密货币行业产生深远的影响。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter examines the SEC's position that free airdrops can be considered security offerings, even without monetary investment. The discussion centers on whether the SEC's interpretation of "compensation" (including actions like social media promotion) as an investment of money is legally valid.
  • SEC considers free airdrops as potential security offerings.
  • SEC's definition of compensation includes non-monetary actions.
  • Debate on whether "investment of money" solely refers to monetary investment.

Shownotes Transcript

This week, Republican Representatives Tom Emmer and Patrick McHenry sent a letter pressing) SEC Chair Gary Gensler for clarity on how securities laws apply to airdrops.

With billions of dollars worth of tokens airdropped this year alone, projects need clarity more than ever. 

In this episode, Amanda Tuminelli, Chief Legal Officer of the DeFi Education Fund, dissects the SEC’s stance on airdrops, why her organization believes the SEC has stretched the legal definition of “compensation” too far, and what Congress might ask Gensler in his upcoming hearing.

Plus, she talks about how the SEC “regrets” any confusion it caused for using the term “crypto assets securities,” since the agency now admits that tokens themselves are not securities.  

Show highlights:

  • Why Amanda believes the SEC’s position on airdrops doesn’t make sense

  • Why the DeFi Education Fund sued the SEC over the BEBA airdrop 

  • How the SEC’s position on airdrops has been clear for a while, but is “wrong” according to Amanda

  • Her take on users bypassing the geographic restrictions to claim airdrops in the U.S.

  • How and why the SEC has changed its language around “crypto assets securities”

  • How the SEC’s new position on crypto assets implicating securities laws seems to rest on the “embodiment” theory

  • Why Amanda believes the Supreme Court or Congress may be needed to step in

  • What Amanda expects Congress to question Gary Gensler about in the hearing next week

  • Amanda’s takeaways from the first Congressional DeFi hearing last week

  • How she expects the presidential election will impact the regulatory landscape in the U.S.

Visit our website for breaking news, analysis, op-eds, articles to learn about crypto, and much more: unchainedcrypto.com

Thank you to our sponsors!

Guest

- Amanda Tuminelli), Chief legal officer of the DeFi Education Fund

Previous appearances on Unchained: 

Gary Gensler’s Case Against Uniswap: Does the SEC Even Stand a Chance?)

Is This the End of DeFi? Why the US Government Is Going After Tornado Cash)

Links

Airdrops:

BEBA case

First Congressional Hearing on DeFi

Timestamps:

  • 00:00 Intro

  • 01:42 SEC’s stance on airdrops

  • 04:25 DeFi Education Fund’s lawsuit over BEBA

  • 06:47 Amanda: SEC’s position on airdrops is “wrong”

  • 08:27 Users bypassing geographic restrictions for airdrops

  • 12:47 Why the SEC suddenly apologized for using the term “crypto asset securities” for years

  • 16:47 Amanda’s take on what the SEC’s new theory is for why tokens fall under securities laws

  • 17:43 Why Supreme Court or Congressional involvement is likely needed

  • 19:01 What Congress might ask Gensler in a hearing next week

  • 19:59 Key takeaways from the first Congressional DeFi hearing

  • 20:43 Amanda’s take on how the presidential election might impact crypto 

  • 23:45 News Recap

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