cover of episode Adventures in Physics, Trump, and more, with the Information Theory podcast — #75

Adventures in Physics, Trump, and more, with the Information Theory podcast — #75

2024/12/19
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Steve Hsu
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Information Theory Podcast 主持人: 本期节目讨论了美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的科研经费投入与科研产出质量问题,认为NIH投入巨大,但产出大量低质量研究。同时,主持人还谈到了2016年差点加入特朗普政府的经历,以及对美国科技发展现状和未来的一些担忧。 Steve Hsu: 作者从自身经历出发,讲述了其在物理学和计算基因组学领域的学习和研究历程,以及对“大停滞”理论的看法。他认为,“大停滞”理论的衡量标准存在问题,宏观物理量的增长速度确实放缓,但数字领域的进步弥补了这一不足。“大停滞”可能是由于容易取得的成果已经被耗尽,而非制度性失败。他还谈到了学术界存在的可重复性危机,以及对美国科研体制的看法,认为NIH的经费分配存在问题,应该将部分经费转移到其他领域,例如计算机科学和工程学,以提高科研效率。最后,作者表达了对特朗普再次当选总统的看法,以及对美国未来的一些担忧和希望。 Steve Hsu: 作者详细阐述了其在计算基因组学领域的探索,强调了稀疏性假设和压缩感知技术在该领域中的应用。他指出,许多基因组学研究者缺乏对基本原理的理解,更多地依赖于现成的工具和方法。作者还分享了其作为大学行政人员的经验,讨论了科研经费的分配和管理,以及对科研质量和可重复性危机的看法。他认为,许多生物医学研究缺乏可重复性,这与研究人员的统计学素养不足以及学术界的文化因素有关。作者还对美国科研体制进行了批判,认为NIH的经费分配存在问题,应该将部分经费转移到其他领域,以提高科研效率。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why did Steve Hsu almost join the Trump administration in 2016?

Steve Hsu was almost part of the Trump administration in 2016 due to his connection with Peter Thiel, who played a significant role in the transition. Hsu was considered for a senior-level position that would have required Senate confirmation.

How did Steve Hsu's early education shape his career as a physicist?

Hsu's early education was highly accelerated, allowing him to take university-level courses while still in high school, such as quantum mechanics and advanced analysis. This precocious learning environment prepared him for a career in theoretical physics, where his autodidactic tendencies and ability to grasp complex subjects quickly became assets.

What was Steve Hsu's reaction to Donald Trump's re-election in 2024?

Hsu was elated by Trump's re-election, partly because he had an inside view of the deep state's efforts to undermine Trump during his first term. He felt that Trump's victory was a triumph over significant opposition and lawfare.

Why does Steve Hsu believe the NIH produces low-quality research?

Hsu argues that the NIH, being the largest funder of basic science, produces a lot of low-quality research. He cites Ioannidis' findings that suggest a significant portion of biomedical research does not replicate, indicating a reproducibility crisis in the field.

How did Steve Hsu transition from theoretical physics to computational genomics?

Hsu's transition to computational genomics was driven by the declining cost of DNA sequencing, which made the field tractable during his lifetime. He leveraged his background in physics and mathematics, particularly compressed sensing, to develop novel algorithms for genomic data analysis.

What does Steve Hsu think about the Great Stagnation theory?

Hsu acknowledges that while there has been a slowdown in certain physical technologies, digital progress has been significant. He believes that the exhaustion of low-hanging fruit in some areas, rather than institutional failures, could be a primary cause of the perceived stagnation.

What role did Steve Hsu play as the Vice President for Research at Michigan State University?

As VPR, Hsu managed a $400 million research enterprise, overseeing competitive grants, strategic initiatives, and the allocation of funds across various disciplines. He had significant discretion in prioritizing research areas, which sometimes led to conflicts with certain academic fields.

How does Steve Hsu view the relationship between basic research and technological progress?

Hsu believes that while some technological progress is independent of basic research, a significant portion, such as the development of the nuclear bomb or gene sequencing, is directly dependent on fundamental scientific discoveries. He argues that basic research often provides the necessary theoretical underpinnings for technological breakthroughs.

What concerns does Steve Hsu have about America's future?

Hsu is concerned about the erosion of meritocracy, the increasing precariousness of life for the average American, and the country's overall competitiveness. He also worries about the potential for a hard landing due to the U.S.'s accumulated debt and inefficiencies in production.

Shownotes Transcript

This episode is an interview I did with the new podcast Information Theory. The host of Information Theory is an anonymous technologist trained in physics and machine learning.

  • Information Theory Podcast on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@InformationTheoryPod)

  • Information Theory Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6PbxeOYInRuH4DBXOAOq5u?si=q90fZh8PRUut5c1XG4K7Sw)

  • (00:00) - Introduction to Information Theory podcast

  • (01:19) - The education of a physicist

  • (10:53) - Computational genomics

  • (19:40) - Thinking styles and collaboration in theoretical physics

  • (26:08) - Scientific progress and the Great Stagnation

  • (40:39) - University research administration

  • (45:05) - Reproducibility crisis

  • (57:58) - Impact of basic research

  • (01:03:16) - Critique of NIH and biomedical research

  • (01:06:48) - Personal reflections on Trump's re-election and an inside view of the 47 transition

  • (01:12:37) - Silicon Valley and US politics

  • (01:15:30) - Concerns and hope for America's future

Music used with permission from Blade Runner Blues Livestream improvisation by State Azure.

Steve Hsu is Professor of Theoretical Physics and of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering at Michigan State University. Previously, he was Senior Vice President for Research and Innovation at MSU and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Science at the University of Oregon. Hsu is a startup founder (SuperFocus, SafeWeb, Genomic Prediction, Othram) and advisor to venture capital and other investment firms. He was educated at Caltech and Berkeley, was a Harvard Junior Fellow, and has held faculty positions at Yale, the University of Oregon, and MSU. Please send any questions or suggestions to [email protected] or Steve on X @hsu_steve.