cover of episode #533 | The Science of Leap Years

#533 | The Science of Leap Years

2025/2/27
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English Learning for Curious Minds

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Alastair Budge
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@Alastair Budge : 我将解释闰年的科学原理。地球绕太阳公转并非正好365天,而是大约365.2421988天,这多出的时间导致了季节与日历日期的偏差。为了解决这个问题,人类创造了闰年,在四年中增加一天,以弥补这多出的时间。这看似简单,但实际上是一个复杂的问题,需要追溯到古代历法的演变。 从史前时代开始,人类就注意到季节的更迭,并逐渐发展出基于太阳或月亮的历法。古埃及人通过观察尼罗河的泛滥和天狼星的运行,估算出一年的长度约为365.25天,并创造了包含12个月,每月30天,外加5天的日历。然而,这仍然存在误差。 古罗马的历法更加混乱,最初只有10个月,后来扩展到12个月,但仍然与季节脱节,导致社会运作混乱。凯撒大帝改革了罗马日历,创造了儒略历,引入了闰年,每四年在二月增加一天,使日历与太阳周期对齐。然而,儒略历也存在误差,因为太阳年的长度并非正好365.25天。 到了16世纪,儒略历与季节的偏差已经很大,格里高利十三世改革了日历,引入了格里高利历,修正了闰年规则,使日历更精确地与太阳年对齐。格里高利历的采用并非一帆风顺,但最终成为全球通用的民用历法。 尽管如此,人们仍在探索改进日历的方案,例如永续历和世界历,但这些方案都存在局限性。甚至有人提出改变地球绕太阳运行的速度来消除闰年,但这在现实中是不可能的。现有的格里高利历及其闰年计算系统虽然不完美,但已经足够好用,闰年是人类智慧的体现,它反映了人类对宇宙的观察、计算和创新能力。

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This chapter explores the history of leap years, starting from prehistoric calendars to the Gregorian calendar. It discusses the challenges of aligning calendars with Earth's orbit and the solutions implemented by different civilizations, including Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory XIII.
  • Early calendars were often lunar-based and required adjustments.
  • The Julian calendar introduced leap years but had inaccuracies.
  • The Gregorian calendar refined leap year calculations and became the global standard.
  • Adopting the Gregorian calendar was a complex process, facing resistance and causing temporary confusion.

Shownotes Transcript

Leap years help keep our calendars in sync with Earth's orbit, but have you ever wondered why we need them?

 

In this episode, we explore the history of leap years, covering early human calendars, Julius Caesar's reforms, and the adjustments introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.

 

  • Why do we need leap years?
  • Earth's orbit and the solar year explained
  • How the first calendars were created
  • Egyptian and Roman calendar systems
  • The Julian calendar's introduction of leap years
  • Inaccuracies in Caesar's calendar calculations
  • The Gregorian calendar and its leap-year rule
  • Challenges in adopting the Gregorian calendar
  • Alternative calendar systems proposed over time
  • The impossibility of changing Earth's orbit for an exact year

Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/science-leap-years

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