cover of episode Prefixes de, dis, dys

Prefixes de, dis, dys

2024/12/16
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Learning English Vocabulary

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Neil 和 Finn: 本节目讲解了三个英语词汇前缀:de, dis, dys,并通过例句和测验帮助学习者理解其含义和用法。其中,前缀dis- (d-i-s) 表示否定,例如disagree(不同意),disrespect(不尊重),discomfort(不舒服),disappear(消失);前缀dys- (d-y-s) 表示不好的或异常的,例如dyspepsia(消化不良),dyslexia(阅读障碍),dysfunctional(功能失调);前缀de- (d-e) 表示去除或移除,例如detox(排毒)。节目中还穿插了Gladys关于她丈夫消化不良的故事,用以解释这些前缀在实际语言中的运用。最后,节目给出了学习词汇的技巧:将单词分解,识别已知的词缀来理解词义。 Gladys: Gladys讲述了她丈夫Bert消化不良(dyspepsia)的情况,并表达了她与医生对病因诊断的不同意见。她认为Bert的消化不良是由于压力造成的,而医生认为是由于饮食习惯不好。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

What are the three prefixes discussed in the podcast?

The three prefixes discussed are 'de' (spelt d-e), 'dis' (spelt d-i-s), and 'dys' (spelt d-y-s).

What does the prefix 'dis-' mean?

The prefix 'dis-' means 'not' or the opposite of the word it precedes, such as 'disagree' meaning not to agree.

What is the medical term for indigestion?

The medical term for indigestion is 'dyspepsia'.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'dys-'?

The prefix 'dys-' has a negative meaning, indicating something that is bad or abnormal, such as 'dysfunctional' meaning not working properly.

What does the prefix 'de-' typically signify?

The prefix 'de-' typically means 'take away' or 'remove', as seen in 'detox' which refers to removing toxins or poisons.

What is an example of a word using the prefix 'dys-'?

An example of a word using the prefix 'dys-' is 'dyslexia', which refers to difficulty with reading.

What is the opposite of 'appear'?

The opposite of 'appear' is 'disappear', which is formed by adding the prefix 'dis-' to 'appear'.

What does Gladys think is causing her husband's indigestion?

Gladys believes that her husband's indigestion is caused by stress, not by a bad diet as the doctor suggests.

What is the top tip for learning vocabulary mentioned in the podcast?

The top tip is to break down new words and recognize prefixes to help understand their meanings.

What does 'discomfort' mean in the context of the podcast?

In the context of the podcast, 'discomfort' means the opposite of 'comfort', indicating a state of being uncomfortable.

Chapters
This chapter explores the prefixes 'de', 'dis', and 'dys,' explaining their meanings and providing examples. It includes a quiz to test understanding and offers a vocabulary learning tip.
  • The prefixes 'de', 'dis', and 'dys' all have negative meanings.
  • 'de' typically means 'to take away or remove something'.
  • 'dis' (spelled D-I-S) means 'not'.
  • 'dys' (spelled D-Y-S) means 'bad or abnormal'.
  • Understanding prefixes can aid vocabulary learning.

Shownotes Transcript

Translations:
中文

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside the UK. This is a download from BBC Learning English. To find out more, visit our website. Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary. I'm Neil. And I'm Finn.

In this programme, we're looking at three prefixes – D, spelt D-E, dis, spelt D-Y-S, and dis, spelt D-I-S. Prefixes, or prefixes as some people say, are two or three letters that go at the beginning of a word and affect its meaning. We'll look at what each prefix means and give you example sentences. There'll be a quiz! And we'll leave you with a top tip for learning vocabulary –

But first, let's listen to Gladys talking about her husband, Bert. While you listen, think about this question. Does Gladys agree with Bert's doctor? Bert's dyspepsia, his indigestion, is quite bad at the moment. It's causing him quite a bit of discomfort. The doctor says it's because he eats too much fatty food. She says the symptoms would disappear if Bert went on a detox diet.

No disrespect to the doctor, but I disagree. I think it's caused by stress. So we asked you, does Gladys agree with the doctor? And the answer is no, she disagrees. Gladys thinks her husband's indigestion is caused by stress.

But the doctor thinks it's due to a bad diet. Disagree is the key word because it has the prefix dis- spelt d-i-s. This means not. So by adding dis- we can turn a word into its opposite. So disagree means not to agree. And disrespect means not having respect.

Gladys says no disrespect to the doctor, meaning she doesn't want people to think she doesn't respect what the doctor says. Let's hear another clip from Gladys with more prefixes. Bert's dyspepsia, or indigestion, is quite bad at the moment. It's causing him quite a bit of discomfort.

So, we had discomfort. If you know what the word comfort means... Then you can work out what discomfort means. Dis plus comfort gives us the opposite of comfort. Bert's feeling uncomfortable.

And in the clip, we heard the word dyspepsia. Now that's the medical word for indigestion, when your stomach feels very full and uncomfortable after you eat. This word starts with the prefix dys, but this time it's spelt d-y-s.

This prefix is less common than dys spelt d-i-s, but it also has a negative meaning. It has the idea of being bad or abnormal. So dyspepsia is a medical condition when your body can't process food in the normal way. Other words with the prefix dys spelt d-y-s are dyslexia and dysfunctional. People who have dyslexia have difficulty with reading.

And if something is dysfunctional, it doesn't work properly. Let's have another clip with the prefix dis-, D-I-S. We'll also hear our next prefix. She says the symptoms would disappear if Bert went on a detox diet. So we had disappear, that's D-I-S plus appear. Yes, and disappear means the opposite of appear.

We also have the word detox, which starts with the prefix de-, spelt d-e. Yes, the prefix de-, spelt d-e, usually means take away or remove something. So if something is described as a detox, de-tox, it means it takes away toxins or poisons. A detox diet could be one with just fruit and vegetables. I like to detox at the end of the day with a hot bath. OK.

And we're talking about the prefixes dis- spelt d-i-s, dis- spelt d-y-s and d- spelt d-e. All these prefixes have a negative meaning. And now it's quiz time. Choose the correct word. Number one. One minute the dogs were playing in the garden.

Well, the answer to that is B, disappeared. Number two. People who drink too much alcohol sometimes go to a clinic for a... A, dyspepsia. B, discomfort. C, detox.

The answer is C, detox. And number three. My daughter is having problems learning to read. Her teacher thinks she may be… A, disrespectful. B, dyslexic. C, dysfunctional. The answer is B, dyslexic.

And that's the end of the quiz. Well done if you got them right. Yes, well done. And now here's our top tip for learning vocabulary. When you see or hear a new word, see if you can break the word up. If it starts with a prefix that you recognise, it may help you to understand the meaning. There's more about this at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again for more 6 Minute Vocabulary. Bye. Bye. 6 Minute Vocabulary.

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