Deep Dive
Why did the dodo go extinct so quickly after human contact?
The dodo's extinction was accelerated by human arrival in 1598, which brought hunting and the introduction of non-native animals like macaques, goats, deer, cattle, and pigs. These animals, especially the black rats, preyed on dodo eggs and chicks, leading to their rapid demise within a hundred years.
Why did the concept of extinction emerge only around the time of the French Revolution?
The concept of extinction emerged around the French Revolution because the decreasing influence of Christianity allowed scientists to consider the possibility that species could come and go. Prior to this, the idea was unthinkable, especially due to the belief in the great chain of being and the immortality of species.
What is the difference between background extinction and mass extinction?
Background extinction refers to the normal, slow rate of species disappearing, which is less frequent than speciation. Mass extinction, on the other hand, involves a sudden and rapid loss of a significant proportion of species over a geologically short period, leading to major transformations in Earth's biodiversity.
Why is the Anthropocene important in discussions about extinction?
The Anthropocene is significant because it marks the current geological epoch where human activities have become a dominant force, causing significant changes to the environment and leading to a mass die-off of species. This epoch is characterized by land transformation, river damming, and atmospheric alteration through fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.
What ethical frameworks does Todd May use to consider human extinction?
Todd May uses utilitarianism and deontology to consider human extinction. Utilitarianism weighs the overall happiness and suffering caused by humans, while deontology emphasizes the intrinsic value of human life and the duty to prevent harm to individuals, regardless of the overall consequences.
Why does Ellie find the comparison between saving farm animals and saving famous artworks problematic?
Ellie finds the comparison problematic because it suggests that the value of human cultural artifacts can outweigh the intrinsic value of animal life. She argues that this comparison is morally inconsistent, especially when it comes to the suffering of animals versus the preservation of inanimate objects.
What are the main ethical considerations in Todd May's book 'Should We Go Extinct?'
May's book considers whether human existence brings more happiness than suffering to the world, the importance of human cultural experiences, and the significance of human life for current individuals. He also explores the ethical implications of human actions on future generations and non-human animals.
What are some of the criticisms of de-extinction technology?
Critics argue that de-extinction technology is more about scientific curiosity and the 'coolness factor' than genuine conservation. Legal ambiguities around the status of de-extincted species and ethical concerns about the treatment of pregnant females and the potential for these organisms to become invasive species are also significant.
Why might de-extinction technology make us more cavalier about our treatment of species?
De-extinction technology might make us more cavalier because it suggests that extinction is not permanent, and we can 'undo' our mistakes. This could lead to a relaxed attitude toward conservation efforts and the protection of species, thinking we can always bring them back.
What is the ethical concern about the de-extinct Pyrenean ibex?
The ethical concern is that the de-extinct Pyrenean ibex lived only for 10 minutes before dying of respiratory failure, raising questions about the quality of life and the potential for suffering in these de-extinct organisms. Additionally, their legal status and protections are unclear, as they do not fit into existing categories of endangered species.
- The dodo's extinction was the first conceded to be caused by humans.
- Extinction is a complex, drawn-out process, not a sudden event.
- The 'dull edge of extinction' describes the gradual decline of a species.
- The concept of extinction as a protracted process challenges the 'peekaboo theory' of extinction.
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