cover of episode Diverse Intelligences Surprises with Dr. Frans de Waal & Dr. Michael Levin

Diverse Intelligences Surprises with Dr. Frans de Waal & Dr. Michael Levin

2024/4/17
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Frans de Waal: De Waal 认为,不同物种的智力与其环境需求密切相关。人类往往被自身擅长的能力所局限,而忽略其他物种独特的认知能力,例如章鱼的伪装、蝙蝠的回声定位以及鸟类对食物位置的记忆。他认为,人类的语言虽然具有独特性,但其许多组成部分在其他物种中也存在类似的表现形式。人类的智力与其他物种的智力并非本质上的不同,而是程度上的差异。他通过对黑猩猩的研究,发现动物也具有复杂的情感,例如同理心和悲伤,这并非灵长类动物所独有。De Waal 的研究挑战了传统的机械论动物观,促进了人们对动物心理过程的理解,并呼吁改善对动物的待遇。 Michael Levin: Levin 认为,心智是一种能够在特定问题空间中进行问题解决的智能,它可以是简单的,也可以是复杂的,并不局限于三维空间。他认为,多元智力旨在理解所有智能的共同点,无论其构成、起源如何。Levin 实验室的研究目标是建立一个框架,用于比较不同类型的智能体,包括细胞、组织、器官、生物工程结构、人工智能等,并研究细胞群体如何解决问题以实现其解剖目标。他认为,所有智能都是群体智能,神经科学的研究重点应该是不同规模的智能能力是如何形成的,而不是神经元本身。Levin 的研究扩展了人们对智力的理解,认为认知能力可能存在于宇宙的各个层面,从简单的粒子到复杂的生物体。他强调,人类对智力的感知受到自身结构和认知能力的限制,对智力的判断实际上是对自身认知能力的测试。

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The host reflects on the strange behavior of animals and plants during the solar eclipse, questioning their reactions and inner lives, which sparked curiosity about diverse intelligences.

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In today's episode, we meet Dr. Frans de Waal), Emory University and Utrecht University primatologist Dr. Frans de Waal, a trailblazer in the science of animal cognition, and Dr. Michael Levin, distinguished professor of biology at Tufts University and associate faculty member at Harvard's Wyss Institute. Both researchers’ work roots them deeply in the curiosity about the wonder of the natural world of animals, organisms, and plants that make up the diverse intelligences of the universe. They've each spent decades asking questions about the minds of a variety of species and furthering the science of cognition.

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