213. What Is Evil?
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What makes normal people do terrible things? Are there really bad apples — or just bad barrels? And how should you deal with a nefarious next-door neighbor?

• SOURCES:

• Jonathan Haidt), professor of ethical leadership at New York University’s Stern School of Business.

• Christina Maslach), professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.

• Stanley Milgram), 20th century professor of psychology at Yale University.

• Edward R. Murrow), 20th century American broadcast journalist and war correspondent.

• Alexander Pope), 17-18th century English poet.

• Adrian Raine), professor of criminology, psychiatry, and psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.

• Oskar Schindler), 20th century German businessman.

• Philip Zimbardo), professor emeritus of psychology at Stanford University.

• RESOURCES:

• "Mental Illness and Violence: Debunking Myths, Addressing Realities)," by Tori DeAngelis (*Monitor on Psychology, *2021).

• "How 'Evil' Became a Conservative Buzzword)," by Emma Green (*The Atlantic, *2017).

• "The Double-Edged Sword: Does Biomechanism Increase or Decrease Judges' Sentencing of Psychopaths?)" by Lisa G. Aspinwall, Teneille R. Brown, and James Tabery (*Science, *2012).

• "The Psychology of Evil)," by Philip Zimbardo (*TED Talk, *2008).

• The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil)*, *by Philip Zimbardo (2007).

• "When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize)," by Jonathan Haidt and Jesse Graham (*Social Justice Research, *2007).

• "Abu Ghraib Whistleblower Speaks Out)," by Michele Norris (*All Things Considered, *2006).

• Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View)*, *by Stanley Milgram (1974).

• EXTRAS:

• "Does Free Will Exist, and Does It Matter?)" by *No Stupid Questions *(2024).

• "Are You Suffering From Burnout?)" by *No Stupid Questions *(2023).

• Lolita)*, *by Vladimir Nabokov (1955).

• "Essay on Man, Epistle II)," poem by Alexander Pope (1733).