cover of episode Episode #051 ... David Hume pt. 1

Episode #051 ... David Hume pt. 1

2015/2/25
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专注于电动车和能源领域的播客主持人和内容创作者。
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主持人:休谟的“是—应该”问题批判了人们从对世界现状的观察中直接推导出应该如何行动的错误推理方式。这种推理缺乏逻辑基础,容易导致错误的伦理判断,甚至被用来为不正当行为辩护。休谟认为,科学擅长揭示世界的“是什么”,但无法告诉我们应该如何行动。将伦理判断强加于科学结论是错误的。科学的局限性并非缺陷,反而有助于改进科学本身。休谟认为哲学而非宗教应该填补科学在伦理领域的空白,因为宗教的错误结论可能造成严重后果,而哲学错误的影响相对较小。 主持人:休谟批判了宇宙论证中关于因果关系的假设,认为人们常常将自身对因果关系的理解投射到宇宙起源上,这种推论缺乏可靠的证据支持。休谟认为,人们观察到事件的先后顺序,就推断出因果关系,这是不合理的。他以撞球为例说明,我们只能观察到一个球撞击另一个球,但无法直接观察到因果联系本身。即使承认可以从结果推断原因,我们也不能过度推断,例如,从宇宙的存在推断出造物主的存在及其属性,这需要更多证据支持。休谟认为,宇宙可能永恒存在,也可能自发产生,并不一定需要原因。

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David Hume discusses the 'is' versus 'ought' distinction, highlighting how people often mistakenly infer ethical actions from factual observations. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing this error to avoid justifying harmful actions based on flawed logic.

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On this episode of the podcast, we talk about David Hume! First, we learn about Hume’s ‘is’ versus ‘ought’ distinction and how not being mindful of this pitfall can lead us down a dangerous path. Next, we discuss the limitations of science and learn what Hume thought should fill in the gaps it leaves (spoiler alert: it’s not religion). Finally, we discuss Hume’s thoughts on causality and ensure that you’ll never think about playing pool the same way again. All this and more on the latest episode of Philosophize This!

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