cover of episode Episode #003 ... Socrates and the Sophists

Episode #003 ... Socrates and the Sophists

2013/6/23
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Philosophize This!

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史蒂芬·韦斯特
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史蒂芬·韦斯特:本期节目探讨了古雅典的繁荣及其对智者学派兴起的影响。智者们擅长雄辩术,教授如何赢得辩论而非真正的知识和智慧,这引发了人们的批评。其中,高尔吉亚斯利用语言的力量招揽学生;普罗泰戈拉提出“人是万物的尺度”,主张相对主义,认为没有绝对的善恶标准。然而,智者的辩论技巧也可能用于正义事业,他们的思想影响了柏拉图对道德的探讨。节目还梳理了前苏格拉底哲学家的思想流派,并重点介绍了苏格拉底。苏格拉底通过提问的方式,揭示人们知识的匮乏,并挑战他们的假设和先见之明。他认为哲学的核心是讨论、质疑和辩论,他的辩证法对后世哲学和科学方法产生了深远影响。苏格拉底的审判反映了当时雅典的政治动荡和社会矛盾,他最终因腐蚀青年、亵渎神明等罪名被判处死刑。但他拒绝认罪和乞求宽恕,坚持自己的道德原则,宁死不屈。苏格拉底认为追求知识和过有德的生活是人生的终极目标,他主张道德是绝对的,而非相对的,并认为人们作恶是因为无知。他认为未经审视的人生是不值得过的,追求知识不仅能使人快乐,也能滋养人的灵魂。苏格拉底的思想和行为对后世产生了深远的影响,他被视为哲学的殉道者。

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The golden age of Athens led to a flourishing of culture and philosophy, attracting people from surrounding areas and creating a demand for education and critical thinking.

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This week we talk about the prosperity of athens and how it led to the rise and ideas of a group of philosopher teachers called the Sophists, we tied up some loose ends and helped put all that we've learned in the last two episodes into context with a graph of the presocratics, and we ended by talking about a man named Socrates. 

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