cover of episode The Inventor Who Almost Ended the World

The Inventor Who Almost Ended the World

2022/11/11
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Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford

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Tim Harford: 本播客探讨了发明家托马斯·米德格利及其发明的警示意义,重点关注其发明带来的意想不到的严重后果,以及这些后果在多大程度上是可预见的。节目中分析了米德格利的三项主要发明:含铅汽油、氟利昂以及一个导致他自己死亡的滑轮装置。通过对这些案例的深入分析,节目探讨了在技术进步中如何权衡短期利益与长期风险,以及如何避免类似的灾难再次发生。节目还引用了社会学家罗伯特·K·默顿的观点,即“意想不到的后果”,并将其与“非预期后果”进行对比,强调了在决策过程中预见和评估潜在风险的重要性。 旁白: 托马斯·米德格利是一位杰出的发明家,他的发明极大地改变了人们的生活方式,例如,氟利昂的发明使得家用冰箱和空调成为可能,极大地提高了人们的生活质量。然而,这些发明也带来了意想不到的严重后果,例如,含铅汽油导致了数百万人的死亡,氟利昂则对臭氧层造成了严重的破坏,几乎导致了全球性的环境灾难。米德格利本人的死亡也与他发明的滑轮装置有关。这些事件说明,在追求技术进步的同时,必须充分评估潜在的风险,并采取相应的措施来避免灾难性后果。

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Thomas Midgley Jr., a prolific inventor, was known for his work in mechanical engineering and chemistry, accumulating over 100 patents. His career began at General Motors, where he was mentored by Charles Kettering.

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Thomas Midgley's inventions caused his own death, hastened the deaths of millions of people around the world, and very nearly extinguished all life on land. 

Midgley and his employers didn't set out to poison the air with leaded gasoline or wreck the ozone layer with CFCs - but while these dire consequences were unintended... could they have been anticipated?

For a full list of sources used in this episode visit Tim Harford.com

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