cover of episode Humans Are More Resilient Than You Think

Humans Are More Resilient Than You Think

2022/1/12
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Honestly with Bari Weiss
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B
Barry Weiss
一位专注于健康素养和患者-医生沟通的家庭医学教授和研究者。
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George Bonanno
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Barry Weiss：近年来，网络上过度使用"创伤"一词，许多轻微的不愉快经历都被视为创伤。年轻人普遍报告自己处于持续的创伤状态，这引发了人们对心理健康问题的关注，以及对当前社会状况与过去几代人经历的比较。 George Bonanno：将所有负面经历都等同于创伤是一个严重的问题，因为它淡化了真正遭受创伤的人的经历。他更倾向于使用"潜在创伤性事件"这一术语，因为事件本身并非创伤性，而是其对个人的影响才是。只有大约10%的人会因最严重的事件而产生长期创伤反应。日常生活中发生的事件通常不会导致长期创伤反应。他认为潜在创伤性事件的定义应符合DSM和ICD的标准，专业诊断手册中，创伤性事件只是诊断标准的一部分，还需要有持续的创伤症状。他认为将所有负面经历都称为"创伤"是一种误称，并且是危险的，因为它会淡化真正遭受创伤的人的经历。 George Bonanno：历史上，人们对创伤的敏感度远不如现在。创伤后应激障碍的诊断直到1980年才出现。对创伤后应激障碍的研究主要集中在持续症状上，这导致大众对创伤的理解过于负面。大众对创伤的理解受到媒体和书籍的影响，导致人们更容易将负面经历视为创伤。大多数人在经历暴力或危及生命的事件后，都会经历短期反应，但这些反应通常会自行消退。短期反应是适应性的，有助于人们应对威胁。人们常常误以为自己受到了创伤，而实际上只是正常的负面情绪反应。将轻微的不适感视为创伤是一种普遍的误解。如今，受害者身份成为了一种社会地位的象征。这种现象在过去十年中变得越来越普遍。他认为让孩子犯错是培养孩子韧性的重要方式。历史上，人们对创伤的理解是逐渐发展的。17世纪，Samuel Pepys的日记中首次出现了对创伤性经历的描述。19世纪后期，随着工业事故的增多，"心理创伤"的概念开始出现。第一次世界大战期间，"炮弹休克"现象的出现促进了对创伤研究的关注。二战和越战期间，对创伤后应激障碍的研究进一步发展。创伤后应激障碍的诊断在1980年正式出现，但其概念的过度使用导致了如今的现状。创伤后应激障碍的诊断被过度使用。创伤后应激障碍的诊断包括创伤性事件和持续症状两个方面。

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The podcast discusses the perception that younger Americans are more traumatized than previous generations, questioning if this is a genuine increase or a shift in cultural perception.

Shownotes Transcript

We are living in an era in which Americans–especially younger ones–say they are increasingly traumatized. In one recent study, 82% of Gen Z respondents said they regularly felt so sad that nothing could cheer them up. And that was before the pandemic. 

What is happening? Are things really worse now than they were for the generation that lived through the world wars? Or the Great Depression? And why does it feel–at least in some parts of the culture–that victimhood grants us status?

George Bonanno has thought deeply about these questions. He’s a clinical psychologist at Columbia University, where he heads the Loss, Trauma, and Emotions Lab, and he has studied the nature of human resilience for over 30 years. Bonanno’s work with war veterans, 9/11 survivors and more provides an antidote to the idea that humans are fragile or helpless in the face of loss, challenge and grief. Instead, Bonanno claims, when people are exposed to violent or life-threatening events, those events are only “potentially traumatic” and that “a good part of the rest of it is up to us.” 

His new book is called The End of Trauma: How the New Science of Resilience is Changing How We Think About PTSD).

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