cover of episode Why the Supreme Court Broke Up Hollywood's Studio System

Why the Supreme Court Broke Up Hollywood's Studio System

2023/7/5
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Michael Loewinger
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Peter Labuza
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Michael Loewinger: 本文探讨了政府对好莱坞电影业的监管,特别是20世纪30年代和40年代政府成功拆分大型制片厂的历史,以及这一事件对当前流媒体时代的影响。文章回顾了当时好莱坞五大制片厂的垄断行为,以及政府通过反垄断诉讼迫使制片厂停止捆绑销售和剥离影院业务的过程。通过对历史事件的回顾,文章试图解释当前电视编剧罢工的原因,以及流媒体平台对电影业的影响。 Peter Labuza: 在20世纪30年代和40年代,好莱坞五大制片厂(派拉蒙、米高梅、华纳兄弟等)控制着电影的制作、发行和放映,通过捆绑销售低质量电影来迫使独立影院购买热门电影,从而限制了竞争和观众的选择。1948年的《派拉蒙法令》迫使制片厂停止捆绑销售和剥离影院业务,这极大地改变了电影业的格局。法令的实施导致电影制作类型多样化,独立电影制作人崛起,并催生了现代电影文化。然而,在里根政府时期,反垄断法的执行发生了变化,‘消费者福利标准’的出现使得大型公司被认为是好的,这为大型公司的合并和发展创造了条件。2020年,《派拉蒙法令》被废除,法官认为该法令已经过时,并且对大型公司与流媒体平台的竞争没有帮助。流媒体平台的出现,也带来了新的垄断问题,例如算法优先推荐自身内容,以及价格上涨等。 Michael Loewinger: 流媒体平台的出现,也带来了新的垄断问题,例如算法优先推荐自身内容,以及价格上涨等。

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The episode explores the historical context of the government's intervention in Hollywood's studio system in the 1940s, focusing on the reasons behind the Supreme Court's decision to break up the major studios and the impact of block booking practices.

Shownotes Transcript

The dominance of giant streaming services like Netflix and Disney Plus has led to the current strike by television writers, who say their ubiquity has led to lower pay, shakier job security, and perhaps even worse writing. In order to understand our current media moment, historian Peter Labuza) directs us to a pivotal time for the film industry, when the government successfully broke up the major studios that ruled Hollywood in the 1930s and ‘40s. Earlier this year, OTM correspondent Micah Loewinger) asked Labuza about how independent film flourished in the aftermath, and the lessons that apply to media in 2023.

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