cover of episode The OMG! Particle (Encore)

The OMG! Particle (Encore)

2025/1/30
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我将介绍1991年发现的超高能宇宙射线——OMG粒子。这个粒子拥有前所未有的能量,远远超过了当时科学家的认知,它的出现引发了人们对宇宙射线起源和物理规律的重新思考。 首先,我解释了宇宙射线的概念,它们是来自宇宙空间的高能粒子,主要成分是质子和更重元素的原子核。这些粒子以接近光速的速度运动,与地球大气层碰撞后会产生级联反应,产生新的粒子与辐射。 然后,我详细描述了OMG粒子的发现过程。1991年10月15日,犹他大学的飞眼宇宙射线探测器观测到一个能量高达320艾电子伏特的宇宙射线,这个能量是当时大型强子对撞机所能加速粒子能量的4000万倍。由于其能量巨大,研究人员最初怀疑观测结果存在问题,经过一年多的验证后才公布结果。 OMG粒子的发现之所以令人震惊,是因为它的能量远远超过了GZK极限,这是一种对质子动能的理论上限。这一发现迫使科学家们重新审视宇宙射线的起源和加速机制。 关于OMG粒子的本质,目前存在两种猜测:一是它是一个质子,二是它是一个更重元素的原子核。无论哪种情况,它的速度都极高,接近光速。 至于OMG粒子的来源,目前主要有两种推测:一是中子星,二是活动星系核。中子星具有强大的磁场,可以加速粒子到极高的能量;活动星系核中心存在着巨大的黑洞,可以产生强大的电磁辐射,也能加速粒子到极高的能量。 尽管OMG粒子是迄今为止观测到的能量最高的宇宙射线,但它并非孤立事件。近年来,科学家们观测到越来越多的超高能宇宙射线,这表明超高能宇宙射线并非罕见现象。 总而言之,OMG粒子的发现是粒子物理学和天文学领域的一个重大突破,它挑战了我们对宇宙射线起源和物理规律的理解,也推动了我们对宇宙的探索。

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This chapter introduces the OMG particle, a cosmic ray with unprecedented energy detected in 1991. It explains cosmic rays, their energy levels, and the challenges of studying them through observation rather than experimentation. The chapter sets the stage for understanding the significance of the OMG particle's discovery.
  • Discovery of the OMG particle on October 15, 1991
  • Cosmic rays are high-energy particles from space
  • Energy measured in electron volts (eV)
  • The OMG particle's energy was 320 EeV, far exceeding previous observations and theoretical limits

Shownotes Transcript

On October 15, 1991, a cosmic ray detector in Utah observed something that had never been seen before or since. 

It was a cosmic ray with more energy than anything ever observed and more energy than most scientists thought possible. 

When one of the first researchers saw the data, they responded simply, “Oh, my God!”

Learn more about the OMG particle, what it was, and what it means on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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