cover of episode The Newspaper Wars: Pulitzer vs Hearst

The Newspaper Wars: Pulitzer vs Hearst

2024/10/2
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19世纪末20世纪初,美国报业巨头约瑟夫·普利策和威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特之间的竞争异常激烈,这场“报业大战”不仅体现在报纸发行量和内容的竞争上,甚至波及到街头,造成了社会影响。 普利策和赫斯特都采用了一种被称为“黄色新闻”的报道风格,这种风格以耸人听闻的标题、夸大的事实、以及对犯罪、丑闻和性等内容的关注为特点,其主要目的在于吸引读者,增加报纸销量。他们都通过关注人性化故事、揭露政治腐败等方式来吸引大众读者,并通过降低报纸价格、高薪挖角等手段来扩大市场份额。 在对西班牙殖民古巴的报道中,普利策和赫斯特的报纸都发挥了重要作用,他们通过夸大西班牙暴行、制造耸人听闻的新闻来煽动公众情绪,最终导致了美国对西班牙的宣战。这场战争也进一步增加了报纸的销量,但同时也导致了报童罢工事件,这在一定程度上标志着报业大战的结束。 尽管“黄色新闻”在当时取得了巨大的成功,但其对新闻业的负面影响也不容忽视。它导致了新闻报道的失实和偏见,降低了新闻的可信度。然而,“黄色新闻”的某些特点,例如关注社会问题、揭露社会黑暗面,也对新闻业的发展产生了深远的影响。 普利策和赫斯特的报业大战是美国新闻史上的一个重要事件,它不仅展现了媒体竞争的激烈程度,也反映了当时社会环境和公众心理。他们的竞争策略和新闻报道方式对后世的新闻业发展产生了深远的影响,至今仍值得我们研究和反思。

Deep Dive

Chapters
Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian immigrant, revolutionized news with a populist approach, focusing on human interest and sensationalism. He achieved great success with the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and later the New York World. William Randolph Hearst, inheriting the San Francisco Examiner, followed Pulitzer's model and aimed to build a national newspaper chain, setting his sights on New York City.
  • Pulitzer increased the Post-Dispatch circulation from 4,000 to 22,300 in four years.
  • Pulitzer tripled the New York World's circulation in three months.
  • Hearst modernized the Examiner with advanced printing equipment and hired prominent writers like Mark Twain and Jack London.

Shownotes Transcript

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several major Americans were the battleground for a conflict between two great powers. 

These powers were not armies or nations; rather, they were newspaper conglomerates headed by two of the most powerful figures in the history of American media. 

The competition between them was furious, and it was fought not just on the pages of their newspapers but sometimes on the streets. 

Learn more about Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and the newspaper wars on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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