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@ 作为一个知识播客的主持人,我了解到间谍卫星,也称为侦察卫星,正在地球上空收集图像和情报。目前有十个国家拥有间谍卫星。虽然这些卫星可以收集大量数据,但它们并不像电影和电视中描述的那样拥有超能力。间谍卫星的想法实际上早于卫星时代,最初的想法就是用它来监视其他国家。虽然我们对间谍卫星有很多不了解的地方,但随着信息解密,专家们可以对当前的技术状态做出有根据的猜测。间谍卫星的起源可以追溯到 19 世纪,最初使用热气球和飞机进行侦察。美国在 1955 年开始研发间谍卫星,而苏联在 1957 年发射了第一颗人造卫星,这改变了一切。Corona 计划是美国第一个成功的侦察卫星项目,旨在收集关于苏联和其他敌人的情报。每个 Corona 卫星携带高分辨率胶片,寿命很短。Keyhole 11 卫星使用电子光学成像系统,将实时图像以数字方式安全地传回地球。苏联也有自己的间谍卫星计划,Zenit 卫星是 Corona 卫星的苏联版本。光学间谍卫星的分辨率是指图像中可以清晰区分的最小物体或细节。现代美国 Keyhole 11 系列或更好的间谍卫星可以达到大约 10 厘米/像素的分辨率。间谍卫星无法读取报纸,Keyhole 12 甚至 Keyhole 13 代卫星的传闻未经证实。政府不能随时随地放大并查看地球上的任何一点,光学卫星就像指向地球的哈勃太空望远镜。光学卫星以极快的速度在低地球轨道上运行,无法提供实时视频,图像会受到云层、光照等因素的影响。除了光学卫星,还有窃听无线电信号的卫星,例如 NRL-44。信号情报卫星通常位于地球同步轨道,用于监视地球的大部分区域,并配备大型天线。这些卫星旨在接收军事通信、海军传输、政府和外交通信,甚至可能包括导弹发射。可以通过将卫星天线指向地平线来拦截微波信号。由于间谍卫星数据量巨大,人工分析已无法满足需求,因此侦察机构已转向人工智能,例如国家侦察局使用的 Sentient 系统。人工智能可以快速识别卫星图像中的物体,检测变化,并识别潜在威胁。目前有 10 个国家拥有间谍卫星能力,间谍卫星是当今世界情报收集的重要组成部分。间谍卫星数据由成千上万的人和世界上最强大的计算机系统处理。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the history and evolution of spy satellites, from their conceptualization in the 19th century to the Corona program and the transition from film-based to digital technologies. It details the challenges of retrieving film canisters from orbit and the increasing reliance on digital data transmission.
  • Spy satellites have a long history, predating the satellite age.
  • The Corona program was a pivotal moment in spy satellite technology.
  • The transition from film-based to digital technology significantly impacted the capabilities and lifespans of spy satellites.

Shownotes Transcript

A reconnaissance satellite, otherwise known as a spy satellite, is somewhere above your head right now, collecting images and gathering intelligence on whatever it sees below it. 

Ten countries are currently believed to have at least one spy satellite. 

While these satellites can gather an enormous amount of data, they do not have the superpowers that they are often depicted as having in films and television. 

Learn more about spy satellites, how they work and how they have evolved over time on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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