Deep Dive
Why is citizenship a complex topic despite its apparent simplicity?
Citizenship involves historical, legal, and political intricacies, including the evolution from subjects to citizens, differing rights and obligations by country, and the possibility of dual or no citizenship.
When did the modern concept of citizenship begin?
The modern concept of citizenship is debated, with theories pointing to ancient Greece around 500 BC and the late 18th century with the American and French declarations of independence.
What are the two main ways countries determine citizenship at birth?
Countries use jus soli (right of the soil) for birthright citizenship and jus sanguinis (right of blood) for citizenship based on parentage.
Why might someone choose to renounce their citizenship?
Individuals might renounce citizenship due to tax obligations, political reasons, or to avoid legal complexities, as seen with Boris Johnson renouncing his U.S. citizenship.
What challenges do stateless people face?
Stateless people lack legal nationality, depriving them of basic rights, essential services, and freedom of movement, often due to discrimination, political upheavals, or gaps in nationality law.
How has the international community addressed the issue of statelessness?
The League of Nations introduced Nansen passports in 1922, and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness set standards to prevent statelessness. The UNHCR leads the I Belong campaign to end statelessness.
- Citizenship began in ancient Greece and Rome.
- The concept declined during the Middle Ages but resurged with the Age of Enlightenment.
- The modern concept of citizenship was solidified in the 18th century with the American and French declarations.
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