cover of episode 151: The First Red Scare - Bombings, The Palmer Raids, Eugene Debs, and J. Edgar Hoover

151: The First Red Scare - Bombings, The Palmer Raids, Eugene Debs, and J. Edgar Hoover

2024/3/11
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本集讲述了美国第一次红色恐慌的故事,始于1919年6月2日司法部长米切尔·帕尔默住所的爆炸事件。这次事件以及随后的其他袭击事件,引发了对激进左翼分子(无政府主义者、布尔什维克和社会主义者)的广泛搜捕和迫害,即所谓的帕尔默突袭。帕尔默突袭行动由帕尔默和他在调查局的年轻助手J·埃德加·胡佛领导,对美国社会造成了深远的影响,引发了关于言论自由、公民自由和政府权力界限的激烈辩论。著名社会主义者尤金·德布斯因其反战言论而被捕,他的审判成为言论自由与国家安全之间冲突的象征性事件。劳工部助理部长路易斯·波斯特对帕尔默突袭行动的合法性和必要性提出了质疑,并取消了许多逮捕令,这体现了对个人自由和正当程序的捍卫。1920年华尔街的爆炸事件进一步加剧了公众的恐惧,但袭击者的身份仍然不明。最终,帕尔默的政治生涯因帕尔默突袭行动而结束,而胡佛则继续在联邦调查局工作。德布斯在1921年圣诞节前夕获得特赦,释放出狱,这标志着第一次红色恐慌的结束,但它留下了关于言论自由的界限、公民责任以及对恐惧的反应等许多悬而未决的问题。

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“Palmer, do not let this country see red.”

This is the story of America’s First Red Scare. On June 2, 1919, Attorney General Mitchell Palmer is just going to bed when the first floor of his home is blown apart. It was a bomb, and part of a larger plot to attack several national leaders. It’s the work of anarchists.

Shaken to the core, Mitch is determined to use his position as AG to rid the nation of such extremist, violent leftists–anarchists, Bolsheviks, and the like. Mitch turns to the Bureau of Investigation (the predecessor of the FBI) to help round up foreign Reds. He’ll find a bright young lawyer named J. Edgar Hoover particularly useful in his “Palmer Raids.”

But as famed socialist Eugen Debs goes to prison for speaking against the war and union workers get treated like they’re a part of the far left, some start to wonder: is the AG still protecting the nation from violent radicals, or is he conducting a witch hunt? With bombings scaring the nation and Wall Street, the nation must debate where to draw the line between security and liberty.


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