cover of episode How a Republican and a Democrat Carved out Exemptions to Texas’s Abortion Ban

How a Republican and a Democrat Carved out Exemptions to Texas’s Abortion Ban

2024/4/12
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The New Yorker Radio Hour

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David Remnick
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Stefania Taladrid
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Todd Ivey
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David Remnick:德州的堕胎法案存在模糊地带,导致医生不愿执行,甚至拒绝为孕妇提供必要的医疗救治,引发多起诉讼。 Stefania Taladrid:德州堕胎法案的严厉惩罚导致医生纷纷离开德州,或考虑提前退休,以避免法律风险。法律语言模糊和惩罚过重导致医生和医院延迟或拒绝为危重孕妇提供医疗服务。保守派议员对医生的不信任感加剧了堕胎法案的执行难题。通过在法律中增加明确的豁免条款,医生可以在被起诉时证明其行为符合法律规定。Ann Johnson借鉴了之前处理人口贩卖案件的经验,为医生制定了类似的“肯定抗辩”机制。由于堕胎限制,一名孕妇在医院被拒绝治疗,最终导致婴儿死亡和自身感染。 Ann Johnson:与保守派议员合作,在法律中增加明确的豁免条款,为医生提供法律保障,避免因执行法律而面临刑事和民事责任。 Bryan Hughes:尽管认为现行法律清晰,但仍存在医院和医生对法律的解读存在差异,导致女性受到伤害,因此需要进一步澄清法律。推动修改法律,可能也受到来自捐助者和民意变化的影响。 Todd Ivey:医生在实际工作中面临的困境,以及对政治干预医疗的担忧。 Stefania Taladrid:德州保守派议员对堕胎的定义与医生的理解存在差异,导致法律执行中的语义问题。新的法案允许医生在早产和宫外孕的情况下进行干预。对于德州女性来说,新的法案只取得了有限的胜利。Ann Johnson希望在2025年立法机关再次开会时,能够进一步放宽堕胎限制。德州堕胎法案的现实困境可能导致未来对堕胎限制的放松。Ann Johnson最初提出的13种情况最终只保留了两种,这反映了德州政治环境的限制。Ann Johnson采取了渐进策略,希望在德州的限制性环境下逐步取得更多进展。Brian Hughes表示将密切关注新法律的执行情况,并愿意进一步采取行动。目前德州并没有大规模的政治运动来推翻堕胎限制,但一些女性已经对德州提起诉讼,要求医生能够自由行医。在德州,女性需要等待更长时间才能看到堕胎限制的真正改变。

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Texas has multiple abortion laws, with both criminal and civil penalties for providers. They contain language that may allow for exceptions to save the life or “major bodily function” of a pregnant patient, but many doctors have been reluctant to even try interpreting these laws; at least one pregnant woman has been denied cancer treatment. The reporter Stephania Taladrid tells David Remnick about how two lawmakers worked together) in a rare bipartisan effort to clarify the limited medical circumstances in which abortion is allowed. “If lawmakers created specific exemptions,” Taladrid explains, “then doctors who got sued could show that the treatment that they had offered their patients was compliant with the language of the law.” Taladrid spoke with the state representatives Ann Johnson, a Democrat, and Bryan Hughes, a conservative Republican, about their unlikely collaboration. Johnson told her that she put together a list of thirteen conditions that might qualify for a special exemption, but only two of them—premature ruptures and ectopic pregnancy—were cited in the final bill. Still, the unusual bipartisan action is cause for hope among reproductive-rights advocates that some of the extreme climate around abortion bans may be lessening.