Pyrrhus: Warlord of Ancient Greece
2024/10/27
The Ancients
D
Dr. Louis Rawlings
T
Tristan Hughes
Tristan Hughes：彼勒斯是古代历史中最令人着迷的人物之一，他以在阿斯库鲁姆战役中赢得一场代价高昂的胜利而闻名，这场胜利以至于我们用“彼勒斯式胜利”来形容这种得不偿失的胜利。他的一生充满了冒险，四处征战，与罗马、迦太基、西西里岛和希腊人作战，最终在阿尔戈斯战役中被杀。
Dr. Louis Rawlings：彼勒斯是伊庇鲁斯国王，出生于公元前319年，死于公元前272年。他的童年经历了逃亡和流亡，最终在亚历山大宫廷留下深刻印象，并通过婚姻获得支持，最终重返伊庇鲁斯王位。他通过阴谋夺取了伊庇鲁斯王位，并短暂地统治了马其顿。他是一个机会主义者，利用德米特里乌斯的失败夺取了马其顿王位。在意大利，他最初向罗马人提出和平建议，但在赫拉克利亚战役中，大象改变了战局，彼勒斯取得了胜利。在阿斯库鲁姆战役中，他再次取得胜利，但代价高昂，这也就是“彼勒斯式胜利”的由来。在意大利的战事陷入僵局后，他转向西西里岛，在西西里岛取得了初期成功，但最终失败了，并返回意大利。在马尔文图姆战役中被罗马人击败，最终返回伊庇鲁斯，并在阿尔戈斯战役中被杀。
Deep Dive
Why did Pyrrhus of Epirus become known for a victory that was ultimately costly?
He won a battle at Asculum but suffered heavy casualties, leading to the term 'Pyrrhic Victory'.
Why did Pyrrhus decide to intervene in Italy?
The Tarentines, a Greek city in southern Italy, asked for his help against the expanding Roman Republic.
Why did Pyrrhus' campaign in Sicily ultimately fail?
He faced resistance from Sicilian cities, failed to take the city of Lilibeo, and lost support from his allies.
Why did Pyrrhus face difficulties in his night march at Malventum?
His torches burned out, causing his army to get lost in the dark and leading to disarray when they were discovered by the Romans.
Why did Pyrrhus' legacy include both great victories and significant losses?
He was a highly skilled and daring commander but often took on ventures that were beyond his resources, leading to costly victories and defeats.
Pyrrhus of Epirus was born into a royal family and faced numerous challenges early in life, including exile and being taken as a hostage. His strategic alliances and military prowess allowed him to rise to power and become the unchallenged king of Epirus.
- Pyrrhus was born into the royal family of Epirus.
- He faced exile and was taken as a hostage in Alexandria.
- His strategic alliances and military skills helped him rise to power.
- He became the unchallenged king of Epirus by 295 BC.
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