cover of episode How sanctions backfire

How sanctions backfire

2024/9/5
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Jeff Stein
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节目主持人:美国对多个国家实施了大规模制裁,其造成的附带损害(例如对委内瑞拉和叙利亚的经济破坏)远超大多数人的认知,甚至超过了美国政府内部的认知。这种做法虽然避免了战争,但却带来了严重的经济和人道主义危机。 Jeff Stein:对制裁的研究源于其工作中接触到的美国财政部邮件和通讯,这些邮件每天都包含新的制裁信息,这引发了他对制裁规模和影响的关注。制裁的演变过程,从冷战时期苏联的存在对美国制裁影响力的限制,到冷战后美国经济霸权地位下制裁的破坏性增强,再到精准制裁的兴起和滥用,最终导致了制裁政策的失控。对伊拉克的制裁就是一个典型的例子,它导致了严重的平民伤亡和经济破坏。对朝鲜的精准制裁,通过针对特定银行,有效地限制了朝鲜的金融交易,被认为是精准制裁的成功案例,但也导致了制裁数量的急剧增加。奥巴马政府时期,制裁数量激增,甚至有人以此为主题创作歌曲,反映了制裁政策的失控状态。奥巴马政府财政部长雅各布·卢指出,制裁政策的扩张可能导致被制裁国家建立独立的金融体系,从而削弱制裁的效力。特朗普政府对委内瑞拉实施的“极限施压”政策导致了该国经济的严重崩溃,委内瑞拉经济在现代史上经历了非战争国家中最严重的衰退,这与美国的制裁政策有关。拜登政府内部曾有报告建议改革制裁政策,但由于各种原因,该报告的建议并未得到充分采纳。俄乌战争爆发后,任何关于削减或调整制裁政策的想法都被抛弃了。未来可能与中国爆发全面的经济战,其规模和影响将远远超过目前对其他国家的制裁。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The United States employs sanctions against numerous countries as an alternative to war. However, the effectiveness and collateral damage of these sanctions remain a concern.
  • The U.S. has sanctions on numerous countries including Iran, North Korea, Venezuela, and Syria.
  • Sanctions are often used as a less costly alternative to war, but their impact can be significant.
  • Smart sanctions target specific entities rather than entire countries.

Shownotes Transcript

American sanctions can destroy a country’s economy. The unintended consequences are massive in places like Venezuela and Syria. Jeff Stein of the Washington Post explains why the US is so committed to a mistake.

This episode was produced by Amanda Lewellyn, edited by Amina Al-Sadi and Matt Collette, fact-checked by Laura Bullard, engineered by Andrea Kristinsdottir and hosted by Noel King.

Transcript at vox.com/today-explained-podcast)

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