cover of episode Bringing it Home | 8

Bringing it Home | 8

2024/6/29
logo of podcast Cocaine Inc.

Cocaine Inc.

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
People
F
Fiona Hamilton
K
Kirsty Schofield
M
Matt Rippon
S
Stephen Drill
S
Stephen de Meadow
Topics
Fiona Hamilton: 本系列播客追踪了可卡因产业链的各个环节,从哥伦比亚的可卡因种植到澳大利亚的洗钱活动,揭示了这个全球性犯罪网络的复杂性和规模。调查人员发现,犯罪组织利用复杂的金融手段将毒品交易的利润转移到合法产业中,并用于购买豪宅等资产。 Stephen Drill: 记者对一处价值千万美元的房产进行调查,怀疑其与洗钱集团Long River有关。通过与房产居民和邻居的沟通,以及对警方调查资料的分析,记者试图揭示该房产与洗钱活动之间的联系。 Matt Rippon: 澳大利亚犯罪情报委员会官员Matt Rippon指出,澳大利亚的可卡因交易规模空前,利润率极高,犯罪组织即使部分货物被查获也能盈利。 Stephen de Meadow: 澳大利亚联邦警察助理局长Stephen de Meadow在新闻发布会上宣布,警方开展了大规模的洗钱调查行动,查获了大量资金和资产,并逮捕了多名嫌疑人。 Kirsty Schofield: 澳大利亚联邦警察助理局长Kirsty Schofield表示,警方正在改变打击毒品犯罪的方式,不再仅仅关注毒品本身,而是试图通过破坏犯罪组织的资金链和物流网络来打击其商业模式。 Fiona Hamilton: 本系列播客追踪了可卡因产业链的各个环节,从哥伦比亚的可卡因种植到澳大利亚的洗钱活动,揭示了这个全球性犯罪网络的复杂性和规模。调查人员发现,犯罪组织利用复杂的金融手段将毒品交易的利润转移到合法产业中,并用于购买豪宅等资产。 Stephen Drill: 记者对一处价值千万美元的房产进行调查,怀疑其与洗钱集团Long River有关。通过与房产居民和邻居的沟通,以及对警方调查资料的分析,记者试图揭示该房产与洗钱活动之间的联系。 Matt Rippon: 澳大利亚犯罪情报委员会官员Matt Rippon指出,澳大利亚的可卡因交易规模空前,利润率极高,犯罪组织即使部分货物被查获也能盈利。 Stephen de Meadow: 澳大利亚联邦警察助理局长Stephen de Meadow在新闻发布会上宣布,警方开展了大规模的洗钱调查行动,查获了大量资金和资产,并逮捕了多名嫌疑人。 Kirsty Schofield: 澳大利亚联邦警察助理局长Kirsty Schofield表示,警方正在改变打击毒品犯罪的方式,不再仅仅关注毒品本身,而是试图通过破坏犯罪组织的资金链和物流网络来打击其商业模式。

Deep Dive

Chapters

Shownotes Transcript

Translations:
中文

I've said this once before, it's not your problem until it's your problem. I think what we've seen in the past is people will see, you know, these organised crime groups having conflict within themselves and it's okay, that's okay, it's over there, it doesn't affect me. But when you're having these sorts of shootings occurring where it's close to playgrounds or shopping car parks and it is close to you, it is then your problem. So this is it.

This is the end of the line. You last heard from my colleague, News Corp Australia's national correspondent, Stephen Drill, back in episode three, when he was in a narco tunnel underneath the US-Mexico border. But right now, he's standing alone on a road full of multi-million dollar properties, where there's one that really stands out. This house is, like, it kind of looks like a spaceship. It's just beautiful.

Stephen's back home in Australia. I'm in a street in Melbourne. It's the city where I live. You might call this a leafy area. A leafy area is shorthand here in Melbourne for posh. The street is full of very old English trees and I'm standing in the shade of one, which is good for my lack of hair. Despite the tree cover, it's still hot out. The sun is fierce in the blue sky. Growing up in Australia myself, I can remember just how hot it gets.

Black wall, black gate, the door set well back. Just the underground garage here would probably be bigger than my entire house. The house has white walls, a home cinema, a gym and big glass windows overlooking its private pool. Now I'm just walking up to the front door. I mean this place looks like it's worth $10 million. Which is exactly what it was bought for just last year.

by a man police allege is a member of a money laundering syndicate called Long River. The Long River operation allegedly laundered hundreds of millions of Aussie dollars. And I'm just about to knock on the door of this $10 million house that is alleged to be the proceeds of crime. Stephen reaches out, presses the button on the intercom. His heart beats faster. No answer.

As a journalist doing these jobs, you never know what kind of reaction you'll get on a door knock like this. What the police are saying is the people living here bought this swanky property with criminal profits. Nothing. I'll try again. But this time, someone answers. I'm Fiona Hamilton, and from The Times, The Sunday Times and News Corp Australia, this is the final episode of Cocaine Inc. Episode 8.

Bringing it home. So far in this series, I've been to Colombia and Mexico, looking at where the cocaine business starts in the coca plantations and how the drug is exported. Fiona went to the Netherlands, where ports like Rotterdam act as distribution hubs for this global industry. David was in northwest England, looking at the retail arm of the business, the street-level dealers.

Then he followed the money trail to Dubai, which led to a maze of different companies, dealing in gold, investment and trading. It felt like we'd lost the trail at that point. What do the world's cocaine bosses actually do with the money they have made from their crimes? Does criminal money end up buying beautiful homes in suburban streets in cities like the one where I live? Trying to answer that question is how I ended up back home in Australia, standing outside this house.

looking at how those allegedly involved in organised crime take their profits and spend it. Hi, my name's Steven Drill. I'm a journalist. I just was wondering if the place has been seized by the police or what's happening with it now. I just wanted to touch base. Are you the owner of the property? OK, so I don't have permission to record, meaning you're not going to hear the conversation. I can't see the person I'm speaking to, but it's a woman. I guess she's in her 30s.

She sounds wary. I try explaining how the federal police have just raided 12 High Street money exchange stores across the country and are saying this house is linked to them. They're calling it the most significant money laundering investigation in Australia's history. The police allege the company operated a bit like a bank, providing a system for customers to transfer money in and out of the country.

Only, according to police, some of the customers were organised criminals. And their money, hundreds of millions, allegedly came from cyber scams and what the cops call trafficking illicit goods. Which would be the kind of business we've followed around the world in this series. At the front door of the $10 million house, the woman I'm talking to seems to hesitate and a man takes over the conversation. He doesn't say who he is.

When I ask, he says they don't know anything about police rates. They've just moved in and they're only tenants. He says the owners aren't at home right now so they can't talk. Puzzled and disappointed. I say thanks and walk back out but something's nagging at me. So there's someone living in there now. Let's go and see what else there is here. I'll just go and knock on the neighbor's door now.

This might seem weird, trying to talk to the neighbours, but as a journalist I've lost track of the number of stories I've got just by knocking on doors. Does anybody else in the neighbourhood know something? Anything? When you're working on a story like this you never know what tiny bit of information might be the missing piece that helps you solve the puzzle. And I want to know how this house might be caught up in the Long River Syndicate. So I try some neighbours doors.

The dog is certainly home there but it's a little white fluffy dog. Nothing too scary which can happen sometimes on door knocks but I'll keep moving. Because all I know is what the federal police are saying. That the Long River Syndicate provided organised crime, a way to move their money here without it being traced by the authorities. Money that could have come from allegedly trafficking illicit goods.

which could be drugs like cocaine. Now the house immediately next door actually has some string tied around the gate, so it doesn't look like you can come into that one. Hello? It's right there. I'll just press the doorbell, see if anyone comes out. Do I understand why I think the effort is worth it? Spending hours in the hot sun, knocking on strangers' doors. I need to take you back a few days, to when I got a call from a source.

This call was unusual. The source said something was going to happen. But they wouldn't say what. They just said to be free on a certain day, so I knew it was going to be big. In the meantime, I waited. I kept looking at the cocaine business, which seems to be on a bull run.

In the almost 30 years I've been in law enforcement and intelligence, I haven't seen the scale of cocaine that we've seen consistently hitting our shores in the last 12 to 24 months before in my career. This is Matt Rippon, Deputy CEO Intelligence at the Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission, or ACIC. The main reason is because of the profit margin to be made. There are a lot of logistics issues

and arrangements that need to be made between uplift from the sale of coca leaf in Colombia for example to make it all the way to the streets of Sydney or Melbourne etc. So it's a real global enterprise. We're talking in Matt's headquarters. It's a hard place to find. There's no marking on the building. Security is tight. Inside these walls, law enforcement spy on criminals.

They access messages, monitor the movement of people and cocaine. Law enforcement had actually been really successful in recent years in seizing some really large consignments of cocaine. You may recall 1.8 tonne of cocaine was actually seized in Peru. 1.8 tonnes. I do some mental calculations, as I learnt at the port in Cartagena back in episode 3.

The value of cocaine changes depending on where it is in the global supply chain. In Peru, where it was seized, that 1.8 tonnes might have been worth around 5 million US dollars wholesale? That's almost 4 million pounds or 7.5 million Australian dollars. By the time it's trafficked all the way to Australia and sold by the gram on the streets of Sydney or Melbourne, that value rises by a lot.

It could be worth more than three quarters of a billion dollars US, over 600 million pounds or 1.2 billion Aussie dollars. Another way of looking at it is that much cocaine would be enough to supply every user in Australia for six months. That seizure was actually linked to one of the highest level threats to this country. So attached to that syndicate, you had another 1.1 tonne.

of cocaine that came into New South Wales from Panama. When he talks about high-level threats to the country, Matt means it. Australia's alleged cocaine kingpin, a man called Angelo Pandelli, is thought to be working with the Kinnahans, the Irish cocaine cowboys, who are currently thought to be in the United Arab Emirates.

The Kinahans are being investigated around the world, including over links to the Islamic militant group Hezbollah and Iran's intelligence services. In 2022, the US government offered a $5 million bounty for information leading to the arrests of the gang's leaders. As of today, the Kinahan Transnational Criminal Organization joins the ranks of Italy's Camorra, Mexico's Los Zetas, Japan's Yakuza, and Russia's Thieves-in-Law.

Also, as of today, the result of these sanctions, these individuals are immediately severed from the US financial system and any assets or property under US jurisdiction are immediately blocked at this moment. Like Angelo Pandali, the Kinnehans are suspected of hiding out in Dubai, where David was in the last episode. Together, these different interlinked criminal groups represent a huge international challenge to any single police force.

In 2023, in February, you had two back-to-back large cocaine importations, 300 kilo importation off the coast of Western Australia. And then you had 3.2 ton seized in New Zealand. That's a lot of money.

In one shipment, that's billions of dollars of street value. It is billions of dollars. And the interesting thing here is that because of the profit margin that can be made from coca leaf all the way through to finished product on the ground, they can afford to lose a particular consignment. It's not a good outcome for them, but they actually factor in losses into their business model like any good company structure would. In fact, in Rotterdam...

where Fiona was in episode 4 of this series, research suggests authorities seized just over half of all drug shipments. Other law enforcement people I speak to say the average might be less. Roughly one in four cocaine shipments is picked up. Either way, the cocaine traffickers still make a profit. Although that doesn't stop them lashing out when a shipment is lost.

In Sydney, a bloody gang war has caused more than 20 deaths in recent years. Sparked by a dispute over a missing shipment of cocaine now thought to have been seized by the federal police. A man has been shot dead in a front yard at Fairfield Heights in Sydney's tit-for-tat gangland war.

organised crime groups act like a genuinely global business. But what we're seeing in the environment that's been somewhat different, particularly in the last three to five years, has been collaboration across organised crime groups that traditionally wouldn't work together.

We're seeing cocaine importations where you have Mexicans working with Chinese organised crime, working with outlaw motorcycle gangs in Australia to make sure that they compartmentalise their business appropriately to protect the head of a syndicate, but also to make sure that they capitalise on the capabilities that they all have at various points in the supply chain. That complicated supply chain, where cocaine can travel through several different countries...

passing between different criminal groups who are now working together, that's a strength of the modern drug operation. The person who's ultimately in charge is not exposed. He or she is like the chief executive, safe inside their boardroom, while different groups from different countries handle all the actual work. But listening to Matt, I learned that this is also a weakness.

Because the longer the chain becomes, the more weak links it contains, meaning more opportunities for law enforcement to find those links and break them. The day comes when my source had told me something big is going to happen. Before dawn, hundreds of Australian federal police officers launch raids across the country. They seize expensive looking cars and haul them away with tow trucks.

carry battering rams up to the gates of expensive-looking homes and send uniformed cops into 12 High Street money exchange stores in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The stores are part of a national chain with bright professional signs, shining white counters, smartly dressed staff and this promotional video playing in the window. Ni hao. Washu Gary Hardgrave.

For almost 12 years, I was an elected representative in the Australian government, five years as a minister, including in immigration. As of 2022, I'm joining the board of Shenzhen Currency Exchange to further oversee... Getting a former Australian government minister like Gary Hardgrave to promote it would have seemed a real seal of approval to the Changjiang Currency Exchange. Changjiang is Mandarin Chinese,

It translates as Long River. The Australian government has strong oversight, but Shenzhen Currency Exchange has an even higher level of reliability with watertight security processes in place to guarantee the safety of your funds. There's no suggestion Gary Hardgrave, the former government minister, knew anything about what was allegedly going on at Changiang.

He's not been accused of any wrongdoing and would later say he'd cut all ties with the company and had no day-to-day involvement in its operations. But this morning, looking at the scale of the police operation, the cops walking out carrying computers and stacks of paperwork, it became clear this really was as big a deal as my source had promised. This is the most significant and complex AFP-led money laundering investigation in the nation's history.

This is Australian Federal Police Assistant Commissioner Stephen de Meadow speaking at a press conference following the raids in October 2023. I'm sitting among the press pack, frantically typing to get down his words. The AFP alleges the Changcheng Currency Exchange is a front for a money laundering syndicate that transfers dirty money for large criminal enterprises.

The police allege, Changjiang transferred over 10 billion Aussie dollars just over the past three years. That's over 5 billion pounds or nearly 7 billion US dollars. Most of that was legal, the cops say. But they also allege, criminals were allowed to move money in and out of the country by mixing it in with the legal transactions. In this way, the federal police allege, around 229 million Aussie dollars was laundered.

Money from what police call a serious violent act. Money laundering is not a victimless crime. And also money from trafficking illicit goods. Even after more than 20 years in law enforcement and as a former lawyer myself, the amount of money allegedly laundered still surprised me. The police call it an industrial scale operation. Seven people were arrested in the raids. Some could face life imprisonment, the cops say.

Although the accused insist they're innocent. According to the cops, they'd been living the high life. I keep typing, taking it all in as the press conference continues. By eating at Australia's most extravagant restaurants, drank wine and sake values in the tens of thousands of dollars, travelled on private jets and drove vehicles purchased for almost $400,000. One alleged offender lived in a home worth more than $10 million.

That's the $10 million house. The one with the gleaming white walls that looks something like a spaceship where we started this episode. Hi, how are you going? My name's Steve, I'm a journalist. So now that I know my source is correct and this is a big deal, I want to know more about this alleged money laundering operation. Hi, my name's Steven Drill, I'm a journalist.

I just was wondering if the place has been seized by the police or what's happening with it now. I just wanted to touch base, are you the owner of the property? When the people inside say they can't help because they're only tenants and had just moved in, I start talking to the neighbours because if the cops are right and this house was bought by people caught up in an international money laundering operation, then this could be the very last step

in the kind of global criminal business we've been following ever since the coca fields in Colombia where the money made by organised crime gangs is moved into a new country and those involved allegedly spend it on seemingly legitimate purchases like fast cars and fancy houses or like this house. Just wanted to talk about your neighbours. Have new people moved in recently? So I got chatting to a neighbour

Is there new tenants in the house or same people? Has there been any removal trucks or no removal trucks that's probably the same people there? Yeah, appreciate it. It's hard to hear on the audio what the neighbour says but he's just told me he hasn't seen anybody moving in recently. No removal trucks. Wondering about that I stand in the shade of a tree, get my phone out and reread news reports of the police raid.

Now I'm just going back through the news articles because I think I may have missed a trick here. I know that there was a husband and wife who were arrested. So I'm just going through now and checking which of the people it might actually be. Now there were three people who were granted bail. Now I'm not going to use their names here in this podcast, but there were three people granted bail. So it's possible that the people who were granted bail, those people we just spoke with on the intercom,

Perhaps weren't tenants, but were actually the people accused of being involved in this money laundering syndicate. According to the police charge sheets, which were tendered in court, the couple who bought this house are part of what the police are calling the Long River Money Laundering Syndicate. That syndicate was named after the chain of shiny money exchange offices that were raided last October. Investigators have traced millions going into the bank accounts of one of the owners of this house.

The police also alleged that some of those who were arrested coached others to create company structures and false documents to conceal the proceeds of crime. The charge sheets use what seems like the language of accountants, talking about different businesses, beneficiaries and assets. Funds transfer instructions, taxable declarations. This all feels a long way from where I started this series.

with Jose, the Colombian police officer who lost his lease to a landmine, fighting a bloody war in the drug plantations.

The podcast Faith on Trial looks into Hillsong, both in Australia and the U.S., and takes both the listener and hosts on unexpected twists and turns in the story of Brian Houston and the singing preachers. There are two incidents involving Pastor Brian. The Australian journalists uncovered a litany of alleged criminal behavior in the megachurch. Financial gifts were being given to the leaders of the church. Listen to Faith on Trial.

on trial Hillsong ad-free on Crimex Plus on Apple Podcasts today or wherever you get your podcasts. A war on drugs. I mean, times have changed. The AFP, we don't focus on commodity. We've matured our approach. Kirsty Schofield is the Australian Federal Police Assistant Commissioner in charge of the force's crime command, meaning she oversaw the investigation into alleged money laundering by the Changjiang Currency Exchange.

In person, she's all smiles. Tanned skin? She could be an Aussie surfer, but that hides an inner toughness. As a detective, she worked counter-terrorism and organised crime. We caught up after the Changjiang police raids, but it's an open investigation, so Kirsty wasn't going to talk about it. But from what she would tell me, it's obvious that Kirsty knows the cocaine business. She's thought about it deeply.

Any major cocaine bust that involves Australia or Australian police, based at over 30 offices worldwide, comes across her desk. It's much bigger than a commodity. It is a global business and we really do look at it as a whole business. We just don't target the drugs. Where this is relevant is the idea of accountants. Kirsty says there are professional criminal groups out there who provide a service to other crime gangs, helping them process their profits...

moving money in and out of countries and taking a cut in the process. We look at the finances, we actually try to disrupt the whole business model. We look at the key enablers of what constitutes their business structures. We make it hostile onshore and offshore of wherever they're operating. So yeah, you're saying you're disrupting the business. I mean, that comes to the next point of

Are you necessarily trying to arrest everybody? Is that the most effective way of curbing the drug businesses and the drug trade?

I don't think we can arrest our way out of this at all. So we are really focused on targeting those people that when we take them out, it has a significant impact on their ability to run a business. Who is it that moves their money? We take their money, we take the money and the profit out of the crime. Who is it that they rely on for their logistics? And you'll find there'll be a key person across several organised crime groups that helps with the logistics and we'll target that person.

Kirstie saying this reminds me of a line from an old movie called Wall Street about a young stockbroker who wants to make his fortune in New York during the 1980s. Money never sleeps, pal. Just made 800,000 Hong Kong gold. It's been wired to you. Money never sleeps. That's Gordon Gekko, played by Michael Douglas. In the movie, the young broker starts making money, only it corrupts him.

It becomes like the money is in charge. He can never stop. Kirsty says the same is true of those working in the illegal business world. They do not stop. They are 24-7. They conduct multiple business deals at the one time and they are motivated by money, greed and ego and that drives them. It's power. That's led to more conflict.

That's right. It's all over money. They want to control certain parts of the business, so the conflict is generally associated with that. What's happening now is people are getting caught in the crossfire. They no longer do that sort of business away from public attention. They're more comfortable to do it in the public arena. Yeah, and we've seen dead bodies in Sydney streets where kids are walking past. That's right. So it's coming to people.

people's doorsteps now. Yeah. And I said this once before, it's not your problem until it's your problem. I think what we've seen in the past is people will see, you know, these organised crime groups having conflict within themselves and it's okay, that's okay, it's over there, it doesn't affect me. But when you're having these sorts of shootings occurring where it's close to playgrounds or shopping car parks and it is close to you, it is then your problem.

And what would you say to, say, someone who's taking cocaine this weekend in, say, Sydney or London? Because it's happening. I mean, we can't pretend that it's not. Just don't do it. Sometimes I feel that just falls on dead ears. I find that one of the complicated factors is how do we explain to those taking drugs of reasons not to do it because they feel it's part of their life.

Where do you stop? I mean, would the police just say, "Right, do we give up? Do we just let this go?" Or how do you actually keep trying to fight against the criminal organisations? The option to give up is not there. I mean, what would it look like if we did give up? What does it mean for the world?

There's all these other parts of society doing the right thing. There's just such an inequity in it. And is it hard? Yes, it is. Is it worth it? Definitely. It's not just about arresting somebody. That's old policing mentality. It's very different. We look for different ways to do business. We look at all forms of disruption, make it hostile for them to operate wherever they are in the world. After speaking to Kirsty, that idea stays with me.

The police are looking for different ways to do business. Because the old way of doing business, by simply trying to arrest the people selling the drugs, isn't working. Standing outside that $10 million house, I decide to go back, determined to find out who owns it. I reach out and try the intercom again. The man answers. Again, I don't have permission to record the conversation, but this time, he and I get talking. It's not easy, talking through the intercom.

It keeps cutting off after a few seconds. So one of us has to press the button again to talk. And the man on the other end keeps pressing that button, like he really wants to talk to me. I ask, "Are you sure you're not one of the people involved in the Long River alleged international money laundering operation?" He says no, but they are relatives. He can't say where his relatives are right at this moment. That does say the police raids came as a shock to them all.

The man says his relatives are innocent of what police say about them. They're entrepreneurs, successful business people. He says there's international politics involved, maybe some racism, because the people who have been arrested have Chinese heritage and the charges are not proven. He starts talking about how the police announced having seized a $400,000 Mercedes.

But what didn't get said was that his relative's business meant dealing with millionaires and billionaires. And according to him, "You can't do that if you're driving around in a Toyota or a Hyundai." He says the police only found $17,000 in cash during their raids, which was actually a gift for a baby's first birthday. He doesn't say who the baby is, only that its parents were taken away. I think he means they were arrested.

leaving the baby waking up in the night, crying for mummy and daddy. He goes back to how the police were talking about lavish lifestyles, including a private jet. He says they actually got a deal, like a subscription, where they could fly on private flights that would otherwise be empty. Which, he says, made it cheaper than flying with a commercial company, apparently. The private jet also looked better. He says his relative's reputation has been tarnished, their bank accounts have been frozen,

There are 150 employees who don't know if they have a future. We stand there, talking for what feels like half an hour. The intercom keeps cutting out, but he sticks at it, pressing the button on his side to keep going. He keeps coming back to the point that his relatives were just business people, and the police don't understand the business. Eventually, the conversation comes to an end. I go to turn away, then somehow, the door opens.

The man I've been talking to from outside the house is standing there, looking surprised. Like maybe he pressed the wrong button on the intercom and didn't mean for the front door to open. We're face to face. I reach out and shake his hand. And I believe what he's told me. That he's not one of the people allegedly involved in this money laundering operation. Meaning he's just like so many people we've met during this investigation.

An innocent who's paid the cost of an alleged criminal business operation that spans entire countries. This man was left holding the baby. He says he'll pass my name and number onto his relatives. They never call. Walking away, I think, that was extraordinary. And at the same time, it was very ordinary. Face to face, we were just two people, standing in the doorway of a house not far from where I live.

After spending months on this investigation, I've ended up back in my home city. Walking to my car, I look up and down the road at all the houses and think about where this journey's brought us. Following the money to where the police allege the trail ends. With $10 million being spent on a nice house in a wide street in a leafy suburb in a pleasant city. It's very ordinary. It could be any house on any street.

near where I live or you do. So looking back over this entire series, where have Fiona, David and I got to? Well, following the money from Colombia to Mexico, the Netherlands, the UK to the UAE and Australia, we found a complex and sophisticated multi-billion dollar operation. And it's only getting stronger.

If Pablo Escobar, the Colombian drug lord, helped create the modern cocaine industry... An elite Colombian police unit killed Pablo Escobar in a shootout. Then his death in a shootout in 1993 certainly didn't kill it. Colombian authorities say its message to other drug lords is to surrender or you will be killed. In fact, production expanded in the years after and is now at record highs.

With people living in our two countries, Australia and the UK, the top two highest cocaine users in the world. In Colombia, I saw how government policy of trying to stop the industry by cracking down on cocaine supply just isn't working. When I lost my leg, I arrived at the clinic, I cried so much. The only people who really lose out are the farmers and the cops sent to enforce this policy.

who don't always come back. And I say to my God, forgive them. In Mexico, I learn it's demand that drives the cocaine business. I'm down here in a narco tunnel. We're about 80 metres from the Mexican border. And to be honest, it's just quite frightening. There's some timber that's been... With the drug multiplying in value as it moves through each stage of the supply chain. In the port of Rotterdam, the cocaine industry is now so vast...

It uses the same shipping containers as any other global business would to move its product. The industry corrupts everything it touches. We have a big problem in the port of Rotterdam with cocaine. From port workers to gang leaders who have no regulator to turn to, so end up building themselves a torture chamber to adjudicate their business disputes. Sounds like, what the fuck, a torture cellar. Police! Police!

In Merseyside, the same violence spills out onto the streets where cocaine is bought and sold, with rival gangs at war and innocent people suffer. I'd never go on there because they know we're from the Woodchurch. I met other people preyed on because of their innocence or naivety. I couldn't believe how much it was. It became cashmules. And I thought, what the fuck have I got myself into?

Carrying money over international borders, exploiting differences between countries' regulations, in Dubai while undercover. Some of the money might be from, like, drugs in the UK. I learnt how that money can be traded through gold or through different accounting structures. He hasn't actually said Al-Falassi on there, but it's clearly him. It's clearly him. And then, at home in Melbourne...

I found where police allege some of the profits of a money laundering operation were spent on a house that looks like a spaceship and met Kirsty, the Federal Police Assistant Commissioner who said: I don't think we can arrest our way out of this at all. If that is true, what can we do instead? Maybe it's about looking at the cocaine problem differently in the way we've approached in this series as a business.

It's just a commodity that has to go from A to B. By following the money, law enforcement can find new ways to disrupt the cocaine industry and its kingpins. We actually try to disrupt the whole business model. We look at the key enablers of what constitutes their business structures. By learning how each link in the supply chain works, you can identify its weaknesses but also its strengths.

It's not good enough to tackle it within state borders. Governments and countries need to work together. We know there's no easy answers. But we also know, from personal experience of covering these crimes and those impacted by them, that governments have spent billions over the decades on the drug war and they're still not winning. When they opened the doors for me son, he just said it was early and we needed to go to the hospital.

At the scene where she was killed, Ellie's family came to lay flowers for a woman they so deeply loved. Those running the cocaine business are as dynamic, ruthless and motivated as any successful capitalist. Able to respond at speed to market pressures in a way that government agencies and lawmakers simply can't. And fundamentally, the demand for what they're selling

Cocaine isn't going anywhere. So maybe dealing with cocaine ink on these terms, like a business, like the business it is, we can find a new approach. This is not a video game. This is real life. Who goes to a fucking pub on Christmas Eve with a machine gun? If it was someone going there with a baseball bat and having a grievance with someone, that's standard. That happens every weekend.

But you go somewhere with a machine, doesn't matter when it is, you're going there to kill someone. Cocaine Inc. was a joint investigation from The Times, The Sunday Times and News Corp Australia. The reporters were David Collins, Stephen Drill and me, Fiona Hamilton. The series was produced by Sam Chantarassac with additional production by Andrea Tease-Evanson. The executive producers were Will Rowe and Dan Box.

Audio production and editing was by Jasper Leak. Original music by Tom Birchall.

Social and video by Kizzy Bray, Shobha Rao, Vanessa Graham and Chelsea Hardiman. Our legal team were Pia Sama, Richard Murray and Stephen Coombs. The compliance editor was Claire Telford. The UK production manager was Oliver Adamson. In Australia, the project was overseen by Lillian Saleh. In the UK, it was overseen by Kate Ford, the executive producer of the Times Daily podcast, The Story. The

The head of Time's podcast is Tim Lavelle, and in Australia, the podcast team was run by Shannon Hollis. That's not quite the end of the series. We have two more bonus episodes still to come. In the first, David sits down with Stephen Mee, a former international cocaine smuggler, to talk about his wild ride with the Colombian cartels and why he left it.

And I'll be sitting down with David and Stephen to answer your questions about the series. So don't forget to send an email to cocaineincatthetimes.co.uk or get in touch with us directly. Our social media handles are in the show notes for the series. Thank you.

Are you ready to get an inside look at crime from someone who has investigated some of Australia's worst crimes? It was like Aladdin's cave. The luminol found bloodied footprints and bloodied handprints on a wall. So it's just like a horror movie. Former homicide detective Gary Jubiland sits down with cops, crims, addicts, victims, small-time cheats and big-town lawyers...

as they tell their incredible stories. My house got raided. Next thing you know, I got bail refused. Next thing you know, I'm on a truck to Park Lane Prison. Listen to I Catch Killers early and ad-free on Crymax Plus on Apple Podcasts today or wherever you get your podcasts.