cover of episode The Psychology of Crowds & Where Did Life Come From?

The Psychology of Crowds & Where Did Life Come From?

2024/10/24
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Something You Should Know

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Dan Hancocks
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Mario Livio
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Mike Carruthers
Topics
Mike Carruthers: 本段主要讨论了驾驶速度对燃油效率的影响,指出减速行驶能显著节省燃油,并强调了自行车架对燃油效率的负面影响。数据显示,以65英里/小时的速度行驶比以55英里/小时的速度行驶每加仑少行驶约8英里,而以75英里/小时的速度行驶则每加仑少行驶约14英里。此外,自行车架会降低燃油效率,即使没有自行车,自行车架本身也会消耗约5英里/加仑的燃油,如果加上两辆自行车,燃油效率损失将高达15英里/加仑。 Dan Hancocks: 本段主要探讨了群体心理及群体行为。Hancocks 认为,关于群体行为的传统观点是错误的,群体行为并非单一且具有传染性,而是动态的、多样化的,群体内部存在着不同的观点和行为。他批判了将群体行为妖魔化,认为这种观点源于19世纪末对大众运动的恐惧,并指出群体暴力行为并非源于群体本身的“疯狂”,而是参与者自身动机和社会环境的综合作用。他以2011年英国暴乱为例,说明群体内部存在着自我约束机制,并非所有参与者都具有暴力倾向。他还分析了体育比赛胜利后的庆祝活动有时会演变成暴力事件的原因,认为这可能与情绪宣泄、酒精以及社会不满等因素有关。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why does slowing down while driving save more gas than you might think?

Slowing down from 75 mph to 65 mph can improve fuel efficiency by about 14 miles per gallon, and from 65 mph to 55 mph can improve it by about 8 miles per gallon. Even a bike rack without a bike can reduce fuel efficiency by 5 miles per gallon.

Why do people act differently in crowds compared to when they are alone?

People in crowds experience social identification, a sense of kinship and validation with others. This can lead to behaviors like laughing louder or cheering more, but it can also lead to more complex and sometimes negative behaviors, depending on the context and group dynamics.

Why is the concept of 'mob mentality' often misunderstood?

The idea of 'mob mentality' is based on 19th-century theories that were not empirically tested. Modern crowd psychology shows that crowd behavior is dynamic and diverse, with individuals making conscious choices rather than losing all rationality. Crowds often self-police and have internal conversations about their behavior.

Why do some crowds at celebratory events turn violent?

Celebratory crowds can turn violent due to a mix of factors including alcohol, adrenaline, and pent-up frustrations. People may find joy in the chaos, and some may have premeditated intentions to cause trouble, while others may be influenced by the crowd's energy and their own emotions.

Why hasn't life been found elsewhere in the universe despite its vastness?

Despite the vast number of planets, we haven't found life elsewhere because the conditions for life may be very specific and rare. Current technology is just beginning to allow us to study the atmospheres of exoplanets, so the search is still in its early stages.

Why is water considered essential for the existence of life?

Water is considered essential for life because it acts as a solvent where all the necessary chemical reactions can take place. While other solvents have been tested, none have been found to be as effective as water in supporting the complexity required for life.

Why is it important to make Venmo transactions private?

Venmo's default privacy settings allow anyone to see your payment history, including who you pay and how much. This information can be exploited by scammers, stalkers, and others. Making transactions private protects your personal and financial information.

Chapters
Slowing down while driving has a significant impact on gas mileage. Driving at 65 mph results in 8 fewer mpg than driving at 55 mph, while driving at 75 mph leads to a loss of approximately 14 mpg. A bike rack, even without bikes, reduces mileage by 5 mpg, and adding two bikes can decrease it by up to 15 mpg due to aerodynamic disruption.
  • Driving 65 mph vs. 55 mph results in 8 mpg loss
  • Driving 75 mph can reduce mpg by 14
  • Bike racks decrease mpg by 5, and with two bikes it is up to 15 mpg loss

Shownotes Transcript

Most of us have heard that the speed at which you drive can impact your gas mileage but by how much? My guess is you probably believe it isn’t a lot. This episode begins by explaining how much slowing down will save you on gas – and it is more than you think. And if you have a bike rack on your car – you really have to hear this. https://abc7.com/archive/9151803/)

There is something about a crowd. When you go to a concert or sporting event, you feel a kinship with the crowd. And the crowd has an energy to it that is hard to describe. Crowds also have a dark side. A crowd can turn into a mob and a mob can become violent. How does that happen? Is there such a thing as a mob mentality that makes people do things they would otherwise never do? Here to look at the science of crowds is Dan Hancox. He has thoroughly researched the topic and wrote a book about it titled Multitudes: How Crowds Made the Modern World (https://amzn.to/40axzVW).)

Life comes from other life. New plants come from existing plants, you came from your parents – all life comes from existing life. If that is so, then where did the first life forms come from? Also, while life is abundant here on earth, we have yet to discover life anywhere else in the universe that we can see. Why not? Here to tackle these questions is Mario Livio. He is an astrophysicist who worked with the Hubble Space Telescope and is the author if seven books, - his latest (which he co-authored with Jack Szostak), is titled Is Earth Exceptional?: The Quest for Cosmic Life (https://amzn.to/4dSpSGY).)

If you are a Venmo user, you’ve surely noticed that you can see when other people use the service. You can see who they pay and how much they pay – and Consumer Reports doesn’t like this a bit. Listen as I reveal what Consumer Reports says is the potential problem of everyone seeing your transactions and I will tell you how to make your details private. https://www.consumerreports.org/electronics/privacy/how-to-make-your-venmo-information-private-a6507250342/)

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