cover of episode Alex Edmans on Critical Thinking in a Post-truth World EP 463

Alex Edmans on Critical Thinking in a Post-truth World EP 463

2024/6/4
logo of podcast Passion Struck with John R. Miles

Passion Struck with John R. Miles
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John R. Miles：在后真相时代，人们容易受到各种偏见的影响，例如确认偏差和黑白思维，这些偏见会影响人们对信息的解读和决策。气候变化问题就是一个很好的例子，人们的政治立场和身份认同会影响他们对气候变化信息的接受程度，即使他们能够理解数据和科学。要提高气候素养，需要将气候变化的科学证据与政治意识形态区分开来，并关注解决方案。 Alex Edmans：学术研究的影响力往往取决于其结论是否符合读者的既有观念，而非研究本身的准确性。人们倾向于接受与自身世界观相符的信息，而忽略与之相悖的信息，这导致高质量的研究可能被忽视，而低质量的研究却可能被广泛传播。即使是看似可靠的信息来源也可能存在错误，因为它们是由人创建的，而人会受到偏见的影响。总能找到研究来支持任何立场，因此研究结果本身并不能证明其结论的正确性。面对相互矛盾的研究结果，应该仔细审查研究的严谨性，并考虑是否存在其他解释。人们在评价与自身观点相符的研究时，往往会忽视其潜在的缺陷。为了避免被误导，应该主动寻找与自身观点相悖的研究，并对其进行评估。 Alex Edmans：在英国脱欧公投中，虚假信息被用来影响公众意见，即使这些信息来源并不可靠。虚假信息之所以有效，是因为它迎合了人们的偏见，人们倾向于相信与自身观点相符的信息。确认偏差是一种认知偏差，人们倾向于寻找和接受支持其现有信念的信息，而忽略或否定与之冲突的信息。确认偏差会导致人们选择性地接收信息，并形成信息茧房。黑白思维是一种认知偏差，人们倾向于将事物简单地归类为好或坏，而忽略其复杂性和中间地带。阿特金斯饮食法的成功，源于其利用了黑白思维，将碳水化合物简单地归类为有害物质。在后真相时代，人们对信息的判断容易受到偏见的影响，这使得健康领域的信息尤其容易被误导。人们更倾向于选择简单的解决方案，例如服用药物，而不是进行更困难的改变生活方式。不同的文化背景会影响人们对信息的理解和传播方式，文化背景会影响信息传播的效果，因为信息是否被接受取决于其是否符合特定文化背景下的既有观念。人们在引用数据时，往往会选择性地忽略不利于自身观点的信息。谎言并不仅仅指完全虚假的信息，也包括那些通过省略关键信息或歪曲事实而具有误导性的信息。即使事实准确，如果缺乏上下文信息，也可能具有误导性。在《为什么我们睡眠》一书中，作者选择性地忽略了与自身论点相悖的数据。数据解读容易受到主观偏见的影响，从而导致对数据的错误解释。戒烟后死亡率的上升，可能是因为戒烟者本身健康状况较差，而不是戒烟本身导致死亡率上升。数据只是事实的集合，而证据需要能够支持特定结论并排除其他可能性。叙事谬误是指通过构建引人入胜的故事来解释成功，而忽略了其他可能的原因。同行评审能够提高研究的质量，但并非完美无缺。认知多样性对于组织决策至关重要，它能够避免群体思维，并促进更全面的决策过程。为了更好地应对错误信息，社会应该鼓励人们批判性思维，并提高其识别和评估信息的能力。社会应该鼓励人们批判性地思考信息，并提高其识别和评估信息的能力。

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Order a copy of my book, "Passion Struck: Twelve Powerful Principles to Unlock Your Purpose and Ignite Your Most Intentional Life)," today! This book, a 2024 must-read chosen by the Next Big Idea Club, has garnered multiple accolades, including the Business Minds Best Book Award, the Eric Hoffer Award, and the Non-Fiction Book Awards Gold Medal. Don't miss out on the opportunity to transform your life with these powerful principles!

In this episode of Passion Struck, host John R. Miles interviews Professor Alex Edmans on the importance of critical thinking in a post-truth world. Edmans discusses biases such as confirmation bias and black-and-white thinking that affect how people interpret information. He highlights examples like the Brexit referendum and the narrative fallacy to illustrate how misinformation can influence decision-making. The episode emphasizes the need to scrutinize information, disentangle correlation from causation, and consider different perspectives to make informed decisions in a world filled with misinformation.

Full show notes and resources can be found here: https://passionstruck.com/alex-edmans-critical-thinking-a-post-truth-world/)

In this episode, you will learn:

  • Post-truth world: Misinformation is prevalent and people tend to believe what aligns with their biases and identity, rather than facts.
  • Data interpretation: Data can be manipulated to support a particular narrative, leading to misleading conclusions.
  • Narrative fallacy: Creating a cause-effect explanation where none exists, often seen in successful books and talks that present a simplified story to explain success.
  • Causation vs. correlation: Understanding the difference is crucial to avoid misinterpreting data and drawing incorrect conclusions.
  • Context matters: Cultural context influences how information is perceived and spread, highlighting the importance of understanding different perspectives.
  • Critical thinking: Applying critical thinking skills to scrutinize information, consider alternative

All things Alex Edmans: https://alexedmans.com/)

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