cover of episode We The People: Cruel and Unusual Punishment

We The People: Cruel and Unusual Punishment

2025/1/23
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#legal insights#philosophical inquiry#criminal justice#educational#political commentary#political and social commentary#philosophical discussions on mortality#historical reflections People
(
(未明确指出发言人)
C
Carol Steiker
J
Jon Bessler
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@Carol Steiker :最高法院认为,行刑队处决不构成残酷和不寻常的惩罚,因为它在战争时期对逃兵的处罚中被广泛使用。尽管如此,法院也承认,他们并不完全确定'残酷和不寻常的惩罚'的具体范围。 在1878年,问题在于行刑队是否构成残酷和不寻常的惩罚。法院认为这并非酷刑,也不是不必要的残酷行为。我们知道这一点,因为我们长期以来一直将其作为对战争时期逃兵的惩罚。因此,法院表示,他们对将行刑队处决视为残酷和不寻常的惩罚没有异议。但他们也表示,他们并不完全确定其范围,它只是没有达到这个程度。 @Jon Bessler :意大利哲学家贝卡里亚的著作《论犯罪与刑罚》对美国建国者产生了重大影响,他们阅读并引用了该书中的观点。贝卡里亚反对酷刑和死刑,他的思想对美国早期法律体系的形成产生了深远的影响。 这本书被乔治·华盛顿阅读过。詹姆斯·麦迪逊建议国会图书馆购买这本书,托马斯·杰斐逊拥有不同语言版本的这本书。本杰明·富兰克林,许多建国者都被贝卡里亚的思想所吸引。在殖民地与大不列颠之间的紧张关系加剧的18世纪后期,他们会引用贝卡里亚的观点。他们正在寻找像他这样的启蒙思想家,因为他们想象着一个摆脱王权的新国家。他的《论犯罪与刑罚》一文具有如此大的影响力,以至于约翰说它帮助促成了美国革命以及后来成为美国新的刑事司法制度。

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This chapter explores the historical context of the Eighth Amendment, tracing its origins from English history through the Enlightenment and the American Revolution. It examines early interpretations and the challenges in defining "cruel and unusual punishment."
  • The Eighth Amendment's origins lie in English history and the reaction against King James II's tyrannical rule.
  • Cesare Beccaria's work significantly influenced the American Founders' thinking on punishment.
  • Early interpretations of "cruel and unusual punishment" were vague and left much to the courts to define.

Shownotes Transcript

The Eighth Amendment. What is cruel and unusual punishment? Who gets to define and decide its boundaries? And how did the Constitution's authors imagine it might change? Today on Throughline's We the People: the Eighth Amendment, the death penalty, and what cruel and unusual really means.

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