Deep Dive
新疆“黑门”：一个维吾尔家庭的破碎与抗争
我参与制作了一期名为《黑门》的三集系列播客，讲述了中国政府对新疆维吾尔族及其他穆斯林群体的大规模拘留和监禁问题。这并非单纯的政治事件，而是无数个家庭悲剧的集合，是文化和人权的严重侵犯。
故事的核心人物是阿卜杜拉提甫·库恰尔，一位维吾尔族男子。他讲述了2017年12月一个夜晚，妻子玛丽亚姆和年幼的子女被捕的经过。当时，玛丽亚姆在新疆家中，阿卜杜拉提甫身在伊斯坦布尔。电话中，他听到了玛丽亚姆的恐惧，以及随后令人心碎的沉默。此后，他与家人彻底失去联系。
阿卜杜拉提甫的遭遇并非个例。我采访了数十位同样在苦苦寻找家人下落的维吾尔人。中国政府系统性地拆解维吾尔文化，监禁成年人，并将儿童送入政府学校。阿卜杜拉提甫深知这一点，他怀着微弱的希望，开始了漫长的寻亲之路。
为了理解阿卜杜拉提甫的遭遇，我们需要回顾历史。1949年，中国军队进入新疆，承诺维吾尔族自治，但这一承诺从未兑现。阿卜杜拉提甫的祖父母参与了争取独立的运动，这成为家族的政治污点。他的父亲为了获得大学入学资格，加入了共产党并放弃了伊斯兰教，导致家庭矛盾不断。最终，他的母亲带着他和哥哥阿卜杜拉吉普前往土耳其，寻求新的生活。
在土耳其，兄弟俩开设餐馆和纺织品出口公司，事业蒸蒸日上。他们对中国怀有希望，阿卜杜拉提甫也在这里遇到了妻子玛丽亚姆。玛丽亚姆热爱自己的祖国，拒绝离开中国。因此，阿卜杜拉提甫在土耳其和新疆之间往返奔波。
然而，9·11事件后，情况急转直下。中国政府加紧了对维吾尔人的监控和盘问，以反恐为名，压制维吾尔文化和宗教。我采访了卡尔布努尔，一位维吾尔族母亲，她讲述了政府对他们家庭的骚扰和拘留，以及新疆日益加剧的恐惧和压迫。
2009年乌鲁木齐的骚乱加剧了这种压迫。此后，中国政府加大了对维吾尔人的镇压力度，建立了大规模拘留营——“黑门”。泄露的文件、内部讲话和中国官方媒体报道都证实了这一点。这些拘留营关押了数十万维吾尔族和其他少数民族。中国政府最初否认这些营的存在，后来改称其为“职业技能教育培训中心”，声称是为了打击极端主义。
然而，政府文件显示，拘留的理由极其荒谬，留长胡须、戴面纱等都可能导致被捕。阿卜杜艾力·阿尤普，一位维吾尔语教师和作家，因致力于维吾尔语的保护而被捕入狱，他亲身经历了这种压迫。他解释了为什么维吾尔知识分子和文化人士成为政府打压的目标。
在第一波拘留开始时，阿卜杜拉提甫一家仍在新疆。令人费解的是，当局归还了他的土耳其护照，并将他驱逐出境，而玛丽亚姆和孩子们却被留在了新疆。阿卜杜拉提甫带着对家人安危的担忧，离开了新疆，踏上了漫长的寻亲之路。他的故事，以及他为寻找家人所做的努力，将继续在接下来的播客中讲述。 这不仅仅是一个家庭的悲剧，更是对人权和文化的严重侵犯，值得我们持续关注。
What is the scale of the Chinese government's detentions in Xinjiang?
From 2017 to 2021, the State Department estimates that more than 1 million historically Muslim minority adults were detained in Xinjiang.
Why did the Chinese government start detaining Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic groups?
The Chinese government claims the detentions are part of a campaign to eradicate terrorism, extremism, and separatism, targeting those they consider sympathetic to extremism.
What happened to Abdullatif Kucar's family in 2017?
Abdullatif's wife, Mariam, and their two children were detained by Chinese authorities, and he lost all contact with them.
How did the Chinese government justify the detention camps in Xinjiang?
They referred to them as Vocational Education and Employment Training Centers, claiming they were aimed at educating Uyghurs in Communist Party ideology and Mandarin to make them more 'Chinese'.
What were some of the arbitrary reasons for detaining Uyghurs in Xinjiang?
Detentions were based on reasons such as men having long beards, women wearing a veil, and Uyghurs applying for passports.
How did the 9/11 attacks impact Uyghurs in China?
The attacks gave China an opportunity to escalate its crackdown on Uyghurs, framing the issue as a terrorism problem and intensifying surveillance and restrictions on Uyghur culture and religion.
What was the role of Abduweli Ayyub in the story?
Abduweli Ayyub was a Uyghur activist, translator, and former political prisoner who helped with translation and interpretation for the reporting on Abdullatif Kucar's story.
What was the Black Gate in Xinjiang?
The Black Gate was a term used by Uyghurs to describe the vast network of detention camps where hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities were interned by the Chinese government.
How did the Chinese government's policies affect Uyghur culture?
The government targeted religious and intellectual figures, leading to the disappearance of many cultural producers, such as writers and musicians, and making daily life nearly impossible for openly religious families.
What challenges did Abdullatif Kucar face in reporting his story?
Abdullatif faced intimidation from the Chinese state, even while living in Turkey, and was initially hesitant to speak out due to fears for the safety of his family still in China.