History Daily: The End of the Münster Rebellion
2024/6/24
American History Tellers
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知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
本集讲述了1534年至1535年发生在神圣罗马帝国城市蒙斯特的再洗礼派叛乱及其最终被镇压的过程。叛乱始于再洗礼派领袖雅各·马太及其追随者占领蒙斯特城，驱逐拒绝改宗的人。他们实行极端的宗教和社会改革，废除货币和私有财产，实行共产主义，并最终由雅各·马太自封为蒙斯特国王。然而，他们的统治充满暴力和压迫，导致民怨沸腾。与此同时，天主教主教弗朗茨·冯·瓦尔德克率领军队围攻蒙斯特城。经过长时间的围困，叛军最终在1535年6月24日被攻破。雅各·马太早先曾率领小股骑兵试图突围，但被主教军队击溃身亡。他的继任者约翰·冯·莱顿继续残酷统治，但最终也被处死。蒙斯特叛乱的失败标志着再洗礼派运动在欧洲的受挫，也反映了宗教改革时期欧洲社会动荡和宗教冲突的复杂性。
Deep Dive
Melchior Hoffmann, initially a Lutheran preacher, became increasingly radical, eventually adopting Anabaptist beliefs and prophesying the end of the world. His fervent sermons and destructive actions, like vandalizing a cathedral, attracted followers like Jan Matthijs. Hoffmann's apocalyptic prophecies and embrace of rebaptism laid the groundwork for the Münster Rebellion, even though he was imprisoned before it fully unfolded.
- Melchior Hoffmann transitioned from Lutheranism to radical Anabaptism.
- Hoffmann's apocalyptic prophecies and actions inspired a following.
- Jan Matthijs became a key disciple of Hoffmann.
- Hoffmann's imprisonment did not quell the movement he started.
Shownotes Transcript