Deep Dive
What was the 'fuatina' and how did it work in its most benign form?
The 'fuatina' was a custom in Sicily where couples who wanted to marry but faced family disapproval could elope for a week and then return home, forcing their families to accept the union due to presumed premarital sex.
Why was the 'matrimonial repertory' or rehabilitating marriage significant in the context of the 'fuatina'?
The rehabilitating marriage was a legal and socially accepted loophole that allowed couples to restore honor to the bride after a 'fuatina,' effectively legitimizing the union despite parental disapproval.
What was the darker side of the 'fuatina' custom?
In its darker form, men could kidnap and sexually assault women they wanted to marry, forcing them into a rehabilitating marriage to restore their honor and erase the criminal act, essentially making the woman marry her captor and assaulter.
How did Franca Viola challenge the 'fuatina' custom in the 1960s?
Franca Viola, after being kidnapped and sexually assaulted by her former fiancé, refused to marry him, choosing instead to press charges. This was a radical departure from the norm, as every woman before her had agreed to marry her abductor to restore her honor.
What were the consequences Franca Viola faced for her decision to press charges?
Franca faced threats and violence, including the burning of her family's barn and vineyard, due to her former fiancé's mafia connections. Despite this, her family stood by her, and she successfully pressed charges, leading to her abductor's conviction.
How did the media coverage of Franca Viola's case reflect societal attitudes?
The media coverage was largely sexist, focusing on her appearance and hosting panel discussions where men debated whether they would marry her after her assault. This highlighted the deep-seated societal prejudices against women in such situations.
What impact did Franca Viola's case have on the legal and social landscape in Italy?
Franca Viola's case brought international attention to the 'fuatina' custom and the rehabilitating marriage loophole. It inspired other women to press charges and eventually led to the repeal of the law in 1981, making it illegal for a rapist to evade punishment by marrying his victim.
How was Franca Viola honored for her bravery?
In 2014, on International Women's Day, President Giorgio Napolitano bestowed upon Franca Viola the honor of Grande Officiale dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana, essentially knighting her for her act of bravery in challenging the 'fuatina' custom.
- The fuatina was a form of elopement, but it was also used to force women into marriage after assault.
- The 'rehabilitating marriage' erased criminal charges against the perpetrators.
- Women had no choice but to marry their assaulters to avoid social ostracism.
Shownotes Transcript
<context>短篇故事：弗兰卡·维奥拉 世界上默默无闻的英雄之一——至少在意大利以外——是一位勇敢的女性，她勇敢地反抗了一种阴险而长期存在的习俗，并因此让她的国家变得更加美好。请访问omnystudio.com/listener了解更多隐私信息。</context> <raw_text>0 ♪♪
大家好，欢迎收听短篇故事。我是乔什，查克在这里，杰里代替戴夫。所以这算是一期正式的短篇故事。
没错。我们要对这一期发出触发警告。故事的一部分与性侵犯有关。所以我们只是想让大家知道这一点。但最终，这是一个关于勇气和勇敢的故事。是的。如果你去意大利南部的西西里岛，问他们什么是“fuatina”，他们会说，我们现在已经不这么做了，但我们会告诉你它是什么。意思是突然逃跑。
它最温和的形式是，对于双方自愿的夫妇来说，他们想结婚，但他们的家人说，不，我们不赞成这桩婚事，因此你们不能结婚。这是一种私奔的方式。好的。“fuatina”本质上是一种私奔。
然而，“fuatina”的关键在于，这对夫妇会等一段时间，比如一周，然后回家。他们的家人会认为，在这周的时间里，这对夫妇发生了婚前性行为。所以当他们回来时，这对夫妇会说，现在你们必须同意让我们结婚。事实上，这将是一种法律和社会规定的特定类型的婚姻
在社会上。它被称为“婚姻补救”。它被称为“恢复名誉的婚姻”，对吧？没错。这是一件合法的事情。这是一件社会上被接受的事情，你可以借此恢复新娘的名誉。如果你想结婚，而你的父母不喜欢你结婚的对象，这是一个漏洞。但有一个非常黑暗的版本
在这种情况下，一个男人可以带走他想要结婚的女人，即使她不愿意。他可以带走她。他可以把她囚禁起来。他可以性侵犯她。
然后，就像那种双方自愿的私奔一样，你知道，可以恢复婚姻。他们会带着一个女人回来，说，你现在是一个被玷污的女人。如果你，你就是受损的商品，没有人会娶你。所以，如果你想恢复你的名誉，如果你想有一天组建家庭并结婚，那么你必须嫁给我。也许是你的绑架者和施暴者。是的。
所以这是一个两败俱伤的局面，对吧？因为如果你不想被你的社区排斥，如果你想结婚，因为在你被这个男人性侵犯后，没有人会娶你，那么唯一的出路就是同意这种“恢复名誉的婚姻”，因为它会恢复你的名誉。然后也会很方便地
它抹去了导致这场婚姻的任何犯罪行为。从法律上讲，它让这个男人摆脱了绑架和性侵犯的罪名，因为这个女人嫁给了他，即使她别无选择。如果她想结婚，比如说生孩子，她现在唯一的机会就是和绑架并性侵犯她的男人在一起。这就是它的运作方式。
是的，这件事似乎完全没有受到质疑，直到20世纪60年代中期，一位名叫弗兰卡·维奥拉的女性出现并说“不”。1963年，在她家乡阿尔卡莫，她15岁。她与西西里黑手党的一个23岁的侄子订婚了。他的名字叫菲利波·梅洛迪亚。
他们正朝着结婚的方向发展，但他因盗窃罪被捕。订婚六个月后，她取消了婚约。他逃到德国，你知道，为了逃避坐牢，基本上是这样。在他离开期间，她订婚了。她爱上了另一个男人，这个男人是她长大的朋友，名叫朱塞佩·鲁伊西，她以前的丈夫。
未婚夫，我想，梅洛迪亚在1965年回来，说，我想要你回来。她说，不，我真的很爱这个人。我要和他在一起。是的。
所以梅洛迪亚一次又一次地试图把她赢回来，而她每次都拒绝。所以每次他都越来越生气，而且每次她拒绝他时，他都会感到羞辱。所以他制定了一个计划，他要绑架弗兰卡回家。他和另外15名男子在1965年圣诞节后的那天这么做了。