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cover of episode 471. The Road to The Great War: The Austrian Ultimatum (Part 3)

471. The Road to The Great War: The Austrian Ultimatum (Part 3)

2024/7/18
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The Rest Is History

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In July 1914, the French President Poincaré and Tsar Nicholas II met, solidifying their alliance against Germany. While France sought to regain its prestige and Alsace-Lorraine, Russia aimed to secure its interests in the Balkans and access to the Mediterranean. The meeting heightened tensions as Austria prepared its ultimatum to Serbia, setting the stage for a potential conflict.
  • The Franco-Russian alliance of 1894 was driven by shared anxieties about Germany.
  • France aimed to regain lost prestige and territories (Alsace-Lorraine).
  • Russia's interests lay in the Balkans and securing access to the Mediterranean via the Straits.
  • The meeting between Poincaré and Nicholas II solidified their alliance and hardened their stance against Austria-Hungary.

Shownotes Transcript

On the 20th of July 1914 the heads of state of two great European powers - France and Russia - met in St Petersburg. Little did they know, though they may have suspected, that the Austrians were simultaneously writing up an Ultimatum, and waiting for the departure of the French to hand it to Serbia. Russia, at that time a vast continental empire under the leadership of the conservative, nervous Tsar Nicholas II, posed a major threat to the Austrians. It had modernised quickly and was in a far more confident position than it had been ten years earlier. Moreover, it had invested interests in the Balkans - the axis of their grain reserves - and little sympathy for the Austrians and their assassinated Archduke. Meanwhile, France felt itself to be a country in decline, long the whipping boy of Europe, and threatened by Germany - the growing, encroaching industrial shadow on its border. The time had come to recover French prestige in the world, and a war in the Balkans, guaranteeing the intervention of their most useful ally, Russia, may have seemed the answer…So it was that in the wake of their summit, both powers parted having cemented their alliance, eager to drive Britain into the conflict with them, and determined take a firm hand with whatever broke out in the Balkans. Three days later, Austria delivered its Ultimatum to Serbia...

Join Dominic and Tom as they discuss the intrigues and interests of the formidable Franco-Russian alliance, their historical relationship with the Austrians, and the part they played in bringing the apocalyptic First World War to fruition. Also, the moment that Austria-Hungary finally dealt Serbia its inflammatory Ultimatum, and their response to it. With time ticking, the thunder clouds of war were closing in.


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